Background: The significance of healthcare wastes (HCWs) consists in their hazardous component, which constitutes real danger to public health. In Nigeria, healthcare waste management (HCWM) has remained a problem yet to be properly recognized and so addressed. The study aimed to sensitise health workers and the public on the need for proper management of HCWs, considering the public health implications of not doing so. Methods: The waste management systems of ten healthcare facilities (HCFs) were assessed, using a modification of the WHO rapid assessment tool. In each HCF, segregated wastes were collected daily for ten days and quantified by weighing, using a spring balance. Results: Administratively, the HCWM system was poor in the ten HCFs (40.6%). 70% of them had satisfactory waste segregation, 81%, good waste treatment, and 26.7% adequate transportation methods for waste. None of the HCFs had budget allocation for HCWM, and 90% had inadequate storage facilities. Mean waste generation was 1.81 kg/day, 0.23 kg/patient/day, 0.16 kg/bed/day, and proportion of infectious wastes 16.8%. Correlation between the number of patients and proportion of infectious waste, was positive, strong and significant (r=0.80, p=0.01), and between bed occupancy rate and proportion of infectious waste, was positive too, but weak, and insignificant (r=0.34, p=0.34). Conclusions: In view of the identified weaknesses of the ten HCFs in HCWM, budget allocations for HCWM, improving waste storage facilities and transportation, with strengthening of waste segregation, collection, and treatment, would help to ensure adequate HCWM in the HCFs.

Emmanuel umegbolu

In this paper, investigations are made to analyze the human body temperature during wound healing process due to surgery. Wound is considered after the skin graft. Skin graft is a technique used in plastic surgery. Skin is the first line of defense between the human and environment, it is very susceptible to damage. Internal body or core temperature (Tb) is one of the clinical vital signs along with pulse and respiratory rates. Any disturbance in body temperature will drive complexities in wound healing process. These studies are important in the mechanism of establishing the limits of thermal regulation of human body during the healing process in different situations and conditions. The Finite element method is used to analyze tissues temperature for normal tissues (donor site) and abnormal tissues (tissues after surgery). Appropriate boundary conditions have been framed. Numerical results are obtained using Crank Nicolson Method.

Manisha jain

Background: Water distribution systems within healthcare facilities are complex ecosystems that can harbor opportunistic pathogens, posing a significant risk to patient safety. Ensuring the microbiological quality of water requires rigorous monitoring and a deep understanding of the entire system, from source to point-of-use. This study undertakes a comprehensive statistical analysis of microbiological data from a healthcare facility’s water treatment and distribution network to identify contamination hotspots, evaluate the efficacy of critical treatment barriers, and map potential contamination pathways. Methods: This retrospective case study analyzed heterotrophic plate count (HPC) data collected from 29 distinct sampling points throughout a healthcare facility’s water system. The points represented various stages, including municipal source water, intermediate treatment steps (softening, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis), storage tanks, and multiple points-of-use. Non-parametric statistical methods were employed due to the non-normal distribution of microbial data. A Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc analysis was used to compare microbial loads across all sampling points. A focused Mann-Whitney U test was performed to assess the performance of the ultrafiltration (UF) unit. Results: The analysis revealed significant variability in microbiological quality throughout the system (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.0001). One point-of-use and a pre-UF exhibited high median microbial counts and extreme variability, indicating chronic contamination and potential biofilm proliferation. Critically, the ultrafiltration unit failed to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in microbial load between the pre-filter. Conclusion: The data reveals variability in microbiological levels across the water system, suggesting that the ultrafiltration barrier's performance is a significant factor influencing downstream water quality. The data points to systemic issues, likely involving widespread biofilm, that compromise water quality at the points-of-use.

Mostafa eissa

The research paper has addressed the issues related to the usage patterns of the social media by the college students. The demographic profile of the students is also been studied in order to identify the relationships. The most used social media, duration of the use of social media, time spent on the social media, the reliability of the information shared on the social media, number of friends and the groups students have on social media their preferred time of using social media are the major issues discussed in the paper. Primary data is used for the calculations and analysis which is collected through the questionnaire circulated among 500 students studying in graduate level pharmaceutical science course. The study is descriptive in nature and qualitative as well as quantitative research methods are used to study the objectives. The study presents new data on Internet use among male and female college students, as well as trends in use of social media. The findings of the paper indicate that there exists a strong link between the gender of the respondents and most used social media. The data analysis gives a clear picture about the typical pattern of using social media in terms of the time, occasion, number of friends and groups they belong to on social media.

Nitin mali

This brief inspects the situation with research in Indian advanced education and offers an outline of the idea of undergrad (UG) research as a method for change. The article endeavors a short survey of the public authority endeavors to further develop advanced education examination, and underlines the restrictions of their degree just as their ramifications. Through a sweeping audit of existing experimental and subjective investigations, this concise shows the advantages and effects of UG research on improvement of insightful characteristics in understudies also its impact on foundations. At last, it suggests methods of drafting this idea in the current arrangement of undergrad schooling in India, in view of remedies by the Chamber on Undergrad Exploration

Dr gedam kamalakar

Iatrogenic splenic infarction is a rare clinical entity that can result from various abdominal surgical and invasive procedures. We report a case of iatrogenic splenic infarction in a 29-year-old female who presented with hemoptysis and was found to have pulmonary sequestration. During the embolization of the anomalous artery supplying the pulmonary sequestration, she developed severe pain and was found to have a splenic infarction, caused by a part of the coil that dislodged during the procedure. The patient showed good response to conservative management and was discharged in good condition.

Karishma

Neuro-Behçet's Syndrome (NBS) is a rare yet potentially severe neurological manifestation of Behçet's disease (BD). Although the condition frequently affects the brainstem, basal ganglia, and diencephalon, [1,2] its occurrence as a mass-like lesion (pseudotumor) is exceedingly uncommon. These tumefactive lesions can resemble neoplastic, infectious, or demyelinating conditions, which often hinders prompt diagnosis and treatment. [1-3] In this report, we discuss a 56-year-old female from Libya with a history of Behçet’s disease, who presented with headaches, visual disturbances, and cognitive slowing. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings indicated a high T2/FLAIR signal in the bilateral basal ganglia and the left cerebellar hemisphere, extending into the middle cerebellar peduncle, accompanied by faint contrast enhancement.

Karishma

In the context of emerging sustainability challenges, demarketing has continued to draw the attention of academicians and practitioners globally over the past few years. It is interesting to note that demarketing is as old as marketing itself, yet its application and scope have grown from the past two decades only. Kotler and Levy, (1971) has defined demarketing as “that aspect of marketing which deals with discouraging customers in general or a certain class of customers in particular on a temporary or permanent basis”. This systematic literature review attempts to enrich the discussion on demarketing research through a systematic and comprehensive review of 64 articles published between 2000 and 2022. Using TCCM framework, we present relevant theories, research contexts, study characteristics, and methodologies used in demarketing research. Our review (1) Presents a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research in demarketing over the last two decades (2) Examines studies in demarketing within the framework of ‘triple bottom line’ approach for sustainability (3) Suggests a suitable definition of demarketing considering its exorbitant application within the sustainability context (4) Identify gaps and sets agenda for future research. Our systematic literature review found that research in demarketing has been growing considerably over the past two decades, twice as much in the last decade compared to the previous decade with spill-over to new sectors. The literature review, through the lens of ‘triple bottom line’ approach, is able to establish that demarketing can be employed to effectively address the sustainability challenges encountered by policymakers and practitioners.

Jeevan lawrence

An Indonesian lady aged 52 years old presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of lower backache. One-week later, she developed urine retention followed by bilateral lower limb weakness, and since then, she has been unable to walk. Her medical history, family history, and social history were unremarkable. She has no previous history of trauma or similar presented symptoms. Clinical examination showed spastic paraparesis with hyperreflexia. Blood chemistry showed HbA1c of 11.6, and the fasting blood glucose was 14.2 mmol/l. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an epidural collection extending from T9 to S1 and occupying predominantly the anterior epidural space, with extension toward the posterior epidural space in the lumbosacral region (Fig. 1a). The provisional diagnosis was Pott’s disease, and lumbar (L) hemilaminectomy at L2 was done to drain the epidural collection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not detected by acid-fast bacilli or polymerase chain reaction testing of the specimen. However, the drained epdural collection was positive for penicillin-susceptible streptococci Agalactiae. Blood cultures were negative, and transesophageal echocardiography did not show any vegetations. The patient received intravenous ampicillin for 2 weeks, then switched to oral antibiotics for another 6 weeks, and was referred to the rehabilitation center, where she improved and was discharged after 8 weeks with a walker. A repeat MRI (Fig. 1b) showed a complete resolution of the previously described epidural collection.

Karishma

Adolescence is considered as a crucial stage for emotional development. It is also seen as a time of hyper-emotionality, emotional conflict, and volatile mood states. Given that adolescents lack skills for emotional management, emotional distress during these years can hamper their immediate growth and adversely affect their transition to the next stage of life. Interventions that promote positive emotional development during adolescence are the need of the hour. Keeping this in focus, the present study investigated the Effect of Life Skills Training on Adolescent boys and girls with high Emotional Distress. The study used pre- and post-test experimental design with a control group to examine the stated objectives. 160 adolescent boys and girls (n=80), with a mean age of 16.44 years, were selected for the study using Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Of these, 80 in the experimental group (boys=40, girls=40) were trained in life skills. Descriptive statistics, independent sample ttest and repeated measures of ANOVA were used to analyze obtained results. Major findings of the study indicate that Life Skills training has significant effect in reducing emotional distress and improving emotional health in adolescents. And the significance of it was found to be higher in girls compared to boys.

Hita claudia rao

Market trends indicate that natural health products are being used to maintain health as well as prevent and treat many medical conditions. A recent Canadian survey showed that 71% of the Canadian population have used a natural health product. Among these, many reports that they take natural health products on a daily basis. This review emphasizes on Canadian post-market surveillance system that apply to natural health products for human use. The public's perception is that the natural health products are all-natural, safe and effective, but there is still a wide variety of harms linked with these products. The post-market surveillance system is the monitoring window to observe and control the adverse effects of using natural health products. There are many activities involved in the post-surveillance to ensure the quality of the approved natural health products. Despite the fact that post-market surveillance plays a very important role in eliminating and/or reduce the risk of using natural health products, there are still some challenges and more work to be done to improve the outcome of the post-market surveillance of the natural health products.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

India is undergoing rapid urbanization, leading to significant transformations in land use, infrastructure, and population densities. Concurrently, climate change is intensifying heat waves across the country, exacerbating the vulnerabilities of urban populations. This study explores the intersection of urban growth and climate change, analysing how expanding cities, with their heat-absorbing materials and altered landscapes, contribute to the urban heat island effect. The research highlights how extreme heat waves, fuelled by global warming, are becoming more frequent and severe in Indian cities, affecting public health, energy consumption, and economic productivity. Furthermore, this study reviews adaptive strategies being implemented, such as green infrastructure, sustainable urban planning, and climate resilient policies, and assesses their effectiveness in mitigating the impacts of heat waves. Through an integrated approach combining climate science and urban studies, the paper emphasizes the urgency of rethinking urbanization to build heat-resilient cities in India. underline the importance of immediate policy interventions, public awareness campaigns, and investments in climate adaptation to safeguard the health and livelihoods of urban dwellers in the face of escalating heat risks.

Dr gedam kamalakar

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) consist of heterogeneous subpopulations with different multipotent properties: small and large cells with high and low multipotency, respectively. Accordingly, sorting out a target subpopulation from the others is very important to increase the effectiveness of cell-based therapy. We performed flow-based sorting of hMSCs by using optimally designed microfluidic chips based on the hydrodynamic filtration (HDF) principle. The chip was designed with the parameters rigorously determined by the complete analysis of laminar flow for flow fraction and complicated networks of main and multi-branched channels for hMSCs sorting into three subpopulations: small (<25>40 μm) cells. By focusing with a proper ratio between main and side flows, cells migrate toward the sidewall due to a virtual boundary of fluid layers and enter the branch channels. This opens the possibility of sorting stem cells rapidly without damage. Over 86% recovery was achieved for each population of cells with complete purity in small cells, but the sorting efficiency of cells is slightly lower than that of rigid model particles, due to the effect of cell deformation. Finally, we confirmed that our method could successfully fractionate the three subpopulations of hMSCs by analyzing the surface marker expressions of cells from each outlet.

Myung-suk chun

The maximum H. armigera and M. vitrata infestation was recorded in Pusa-992 (3.72% and 7.90%) and in D2 (1st week of July) sown crop with infestation of 4.54 and 13.08 per cent, respectively. Whereas, the infestation of pod fly, M. obtusa was maximum in Manak (2.72%) and 2.58 per cent pod infestation in D2 (1st week of July) sown crop. The infestation of pod borer complex was negatively associated with pod wall thickness (-0.909**, - 0.739*, -0.870*, -0.834*, -0.840*, -0.705* and -0.745*) and non-glandular type A (-0.730*, -0.945**, -0.768*, -0.766*, -0.923** and -0.728*) and (-0.751*, -0.759*, 0.766*, -0.852*, -0.802*, -0.895** and -0.832*) glandular type B (-0.864*, -0.734*, -0.871* and -0.858*) and (-0.729*, -0.705*, -0.730* and -0.845*) density of pod trichomes of top and middle canopy of the plant. Fat (-0.884**, -0.754*, -0.743*, -0.871* and -0.750*) phenol (-0.900** and -0.806*) and tannin (-0.792*, -0.812* and -0.763*) content showed negative correlation with the pod infestation, whereas, crude protein (0.740*, 0.881**, 0.734*, 0.810*, 0.823*, 0.856*, 0.844* and 0.711*) and total soluble sugar (0.738*, 0.792*, 0.793*, 0.898**, 0.714*, 0.816*, 0.888** and 0.819*) showed positive association. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the variety Pusa-992 and Manak was most susceptible to the pod borers.

Dr. babu lal jat

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Kamal singh

Micro-level assessment of vulnerability to climate change creates basis for policy formulation. The study specifically ascertained the levels and determinants of vulnerability to climate change among selected food crop farmers. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least square regression analysis. The result revealed that 15.95%, 68.97% and 15.08% of the households were highly vulnerable, moderately vulnerable and less vulnerable to climate change respectively. This implies a varied effect on crop farmers. The result also showed that amount saved, extension contacts, household expenditure and value of crop were significant at 1% level. The study recommended the provision of basic amenities and soft loans to farmers as well as an improvement in extension services. It also advocated the introduction of effective climate change mitigation and adaptive measures to boost agricultural output in their area.

Comfort chikezie

Information and communication technology is an instrument in addressing some of the issues of Indian higher education however; there are certain drawbacks to using ICT to enhance teaching and learning. The present research was carried out in The Maharaja Sayajirao University to study the impediment faced by them in the use of ICT in their professional work. Quantitative data was collected from two hundred and ninety faculty members through the purposive and convenient sampling method. The data indicate that faculty members faced technological infrastructure-related impediments such as lack of smart boards, lack of computers, uneven bandwidth of internet, slow internet connection. It is suggested that an adequate atmosphere be developed in the institution that would encourage faculty members to use ICT.

Maniar avani

The current study was conducted to explore the antiemetic activity of two marine algae, Iyengaria stellata Børgesen (Phaeophycota) and Valoniopsis pachynema Børgesen (Chlorophycota), by chick emesis model. Emesis was induced by copper sulphate (50 mg/kg), and the extracts were tested orally at 150 mg/kg. Chlorpromazine (150 mg/kg orally) was used as a standard antiemetic drug. The results showed that methanol extracts of both seaweeds have antiemetic activity.

Dr. salman ahmed

Introduction: The right lung has two fissures, an oblique and a horizontal, dividing it into three lobes namely the upper, middle, and lower. The nature of the fissure is of great importance in planning operative strategy for thoracoscopic pulmonary resection where an the incomplete fissure may contribute to post-operative air leakage Aim: To assess the gross morphological features of the right lung with special emphasis on the completeness of horizontal fissure. Material & Method: Material for the present study comprised of right lungs obtained from 50 well-embalmed adult human cadavers of both the sexes dissected as a part of 1 MBBS curriculum in the Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Results: Horizontal fissure was found to be complete in only 10% of the lungs while in rest 90% it was either incomplete or absent. Conclusion: Inferable from the huge variation in nonappearance or partial appearance of horizontal fissure in the right lung and to the absence of an acceptable classification of fissures, an endeavor has been made to give one such classification. In like manner, the horizontal fissure is evaluated from Grade zero to IV contingent on its absence and profundity from coastal surface to the hilum. Each evaluation is additionally divided into 3 subgrades relying on the culmination or incompleteness of these fissures with respect to their length.

Dr kulbir kaur

The butanol fraction of the leaves of Castanospermum australe Cunn. & Fraser., was tested on adult Callosobruchus analis (pulse beetle) for its insecticidal activity by impregnation method at concentrations of 3, 9, 48, 240 and 354 μg / cm2. The result showed that the extract is toxic to Callosobruchus analis and the LD50 was found to be 38 µg/cm2. The insecticidal activity of the butanol fraction of Castanospermum australe leaves against adult Callosobruchus analis was determined by impregnation method in five different concentrations and the result so obtained revealed that the extract is toxic against the test insect (pulse beetle). The mortality was lowest (14 %) at 3 µg/cm2 and highest (96 %) at 354 µg/cm2 (Table). The LD50 by log-log graph was found to be 38 µg/cm2. It may be said that the saponins of this plant could be utilized as a natural insecticide that could be an effective alternative for insect pest management.

Dr. salman ahmed