Autophagy is a self-digesting mechanism responsible for removal of damaged organelles, malformed proteins during biosynthesis, and nonfunctional long-lived proteins by lysosome. Autophagy has been divided into three general types depending on the mechanism by which intracellular materials are delivered into lysosome for degradation that is, microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and macroautophagy. In microautophagy cytoplasm material is sequestered through direct invagination to the lysosomal membrane. Whereas in CMA proteins flagged with pentapeptide motif (KFERQ) were selectively degraded through direct translocation into lysosome. Macroautophagy involves the formation of subcellular double-membrane-bound structures called autophagosomes that contain degradable contents of cytoplasm materials and deliver them into lysosomes for breakdown by lysosomal enzymes. The molecular mechanism of autophagy involves several conserved Atg (autophagy-related) proteins. Systems produce modified complexes Atg8-PE and Atg5-Atg12-Atg16 as autophagy regulators. Autophagy is activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions. For example, food deprivation, hyperthermia, and hypoxia are mediated by factors like insulin/IGF-1, m-TOR signaling, FOXO transcription factors, and chaperones. The perturbance in autophagy may lead to several types of cancers, myopathies, and neuromuscular disorders. Several autophagy inducers and inhibitors like 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1, LY294002 (LY), and Velcade have been used to treat disease is an intense field of study.

Kamal singh

This study investigates the access and equity challenges faced by tribal students in higher education institutions in Telangana, India. Despite various governmental initiatives aimed at improving educational outcomes for tribal communities, significant disparities persist. This research employs a comparative analysis across selected universities in Telangana, focusing on enrolment rates, retention, academic performance, and support services tailored for tribal students. Data is gathered through a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with students, faculty, and administrators to gain a comprehensive understanding of the barriers and facilitators affecting tribal education. The findings reveal systemic inequities related to socio-economic status, cultural relevance of curricula, and the availability of financial and academic support. Moreover, the study highlights successful practices and policies implemented by certain institutions that promote inclusive education and enhance access for tribal students. The results underscore the need for targeted interventions to create a more equitable higher education landscape in Telangana, ultimately contributing to the empowerment of tribal communities and their representation in the academic sphere.

Dr gedam kamalakar

Learning styles describe how individuals acquire, interpret, and assimilate knowledge differently. The effective use of learning styles is essential for effective classroom education. The three most popular learning styles are kinaesthetic, auditory, and visual. This study pursued to learn more about the preferred learning modes of college students. There were 152 respondents from Baneshwor Multiple Campus, Kathmandu Nepal. The data were collected from first year students of BBS, B.Ed. and BA. The researchers used a scale of learning styles (VAK) with 28 items to accomplish the study's goal, and after confirming its validity and reliability, it was applied to the sample. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the types of learning patterns preferred by students. Based on these findings, the study recommends that teachers are encouraged to diversify college teaching strategies and methods to suit the preferred learning styles of their students, particularly new students, in order to motivate them to learn in the college environment and to provide the training needs and requirements necessary to enable them to take individual differences among their students into account when identifying educational goals.

Dr dasarath neupane

Background and Objectives: The complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can occur in some organs, such as the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Stroke, one of such complications, is increasing every year. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for stroke among T2DM patients in Qatar. Methods: This was a secondary post hoc analysis of collected data from our previous study titled “Association of Vitamin D deficiency with dyslipidemia, glycemic control, and microalbuminuria in patients with T2DM in Qatar.” Results: The prevalence of stroke among our patients was 3.8%. A comparison between stroke and no-stroke groups showed a significant association between stroke and other diseases, namely, chronic kidney diseases (CKD) (p=0.007), coronary artery disease (CAD) (p=0.010), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (p<0.001), retinopathy (p=0.044), prolonged duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p=0.041), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p=0.006), and a high serum creatinine level (p=0.003). In the multivariate analysis, we identified the following variables as independent risk factors for stroke in patients with T2DM: male gender, CKD, CAD, PVD, high HbA1c, a high creatinine level, and prolonged duration of DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of stroke among T2DM patients in Qatar was around 3.8%. The main risk factors were male gender, CKD, CAD, PVD, high HbA1c, prolonged duration of DM, and a high level of creatinine.

Karishma

Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women and the third most common cause of cancer death in men. Therefore, early detection of this cancer can lead to lower infection and death rates. In this research, we propose a new lightweight deep learning approach based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for efficient colon cancer detection. In our method, the input histopathological images are normalized before feeding them into our CNN model, and then colon cancer detection is performed. The efficiency of the proposed system is analyzed with publicly available histopathological images database and compared with the state-of-the-art existing methods for colon cancer detection. The result analysis demonstrates that the proposed deep model for colon cancer detection provides a higher accuracy of 99.50%, which is considered the best accuracy compared with the majority of other deep learning approaches. Because of this high result, the proposed approach is computationally efficient.

Mehdhar s. a. m. al-gaashani

In the running of the Internet world, Ecommerce industry has its own benchmark in terms of its rapid growth and has made itself an established sector that is indispensable for every industry to trade and do transactions online. As the world is rushing in a rapid manner, India is slogging in the improvisation of the online market, leading to the lack of customized needs of the customers. Bigger companies are trying to put in a different strategic approach taking that into consideration an approach of blended emining along with ecommerce has been devised. It would be a design of the semanticand neuralbased page ranking algorithm [2]. This tool upon launching would be a welldefined approach for ecommerce website ranking [1]. It would also facilitate the customers to find the relevant websites on the top of the page during their search for any particular product orbusiness. It would be further customized with all the relevant comparison of the other websites in terms of the product quality and price.

Dr h shaheen

The use of Capsicum annum L. for culinary purposes dates back centuries. Its medicinal benefits have also been investigated in the past few days. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in 4 different colored (green, yellow, orange, and red) sweet bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were investigated in 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Current research is directed at authenticating whether Capsicum can be used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory, comparing the effects of the most used analgesic aspirin. The effects of ethanol extract of Capsicum annum L. were determined for analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate test. Animals were divided into ten groups (n=7): (1) Control (2) CAG 200 (3) CAG 400 (4) CAR 200 (5) CAR 400 (6) CAO 200 (7) CAO 400 (8) CAY 200 (9) CAY 400 (10) Standard. All the extracts given intraperitoneally in rat hind paws of seven animals in each treatment group received 200, 400 mg/kg. Acute toxicity was also determined by increasing the dose to 3000 mg/kg, which showed no evidence of mortality. A statistical calculation was performed using SPSS software to compare the effects of aspirin and Capsicum extract. Positive results were obtained as compared to the control group; the analgesic effect was statistically significant (P˂ 0.05). These observations revealed that the fresh fruit extract of four kinds of Bell pepper at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/ kg possesses anti-inflammatory and pain-suppressing activities possibly mediated via PG synthesis inhibition.

Dr. salman ahmed

Abstract: Recent studies on hydrogels have shown them as promising biomaterials for numerous applications involving tissue engineering, drug-screening, drug-delivery, and 3-D bioprinting because they show unique physicochemical properties. The ability of these structures to hold large amounts of water is because of their hydrophilic nature that provides a soft and hydrated environment like natural tissues. This makes them ideal for mimicking the extracellular matrix and supporting cell growth and proliferation. In tissue engineering, hydrogels might be used to create scaffolds that promote cell growth and facilitate tissue regeneration. Hydrogels can also be engineered in such a way that they intimate the mechanical and biochemical in vivo characteristics making them a versatile tool for applications in tissue engineering. Hydrogels are being used in drug screening, as they can be functionalized with different biochemicals in order to match the microenvironment of specific tissues. This allows researchers to study how drugs interact with cells and tissues in-vitro conditions, which can lead to more efficient strategies for drug development. For applications in drug delivery hydrogels are designed to release drugs in a sustainable and controlled way, improving the drug efficacy and reducing the toxicity of drugs. Designing can also be done in a way that they can target specific tissues and cells making them a promising tool for personalized medicine. Hydrogels are being used in 3-D bioprinting, where they serve as bio-inks that can be fabricated into complex structures with high precision. In comparison to conventional technologies, this is a promising technique that allows the construction of complex three-dimensional structures in a sequential manner by a computeraided system. One major challenge in bioprinting is finding such material that is suitable for printing and also satisfies the mechanical strength requisite for tissue engineering applications. That is where hydrogels serve as the most appropriate model and have encouraging or favorable operation potential as cell-affable materials. This technique has revolutionized tissue engineering by allowing researchers to create functional tissues and organoids and spheroids. Overall, hydrogel-based tissue engineering, drug screening, drug delivery, and 3D bioprinting are exciting areas of research with great potential to significantly impact different areas of medicine and biology.

Deepika pal

Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) and Polysora rust diseases are taking heavy shiver in all maize growing regions of Karnataka. Several new fungicides are used to control the diseases, among them strobilurin group fungicides in combination with triazolefungicides are found effective in management of diseases. A mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC and mixture of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC were used in this study to manage the TLB and Polysora rust. The two combination fungicides were evaluated in different days against TLB and Polysora rust on two susceptible varieties namely 219J and CM 202. Results revealed that mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit and mixture of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC @ 2.5 ml/litwere found effective in the management of TLB (15.0 % and 11.0 % respectively) and mixture of Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit were found effective in controlling Polysora rust (13.2 %). Allied to yield, more significant increase in yield was recorded in treatment Trifloxystrobin 50 WG + Tebuconazole 250 EC @ 0.7 g/lit (5131.1kgs/ha). While, mixtures of Azoxystrobin 25 SC + Difenoconazole 25 EC @ 2.5 ml/lit recorded yield of 5913.0 kgs/ha, this was significantly superior with respect to disease control and yield aspects.

Veerabhadraswamy al

The objective of this research paper is to assess the mediating effect of Hygiene and motivator factors of Herzberg’s theory in motivating employees with special reference to retail industry and estimate their level of job satisfaction through them. The research being descriptive in nature is based on Primary as well as Secondary data. Structured and standard Questionnaire based on motivatorshygiene has been used for data collection. The respondents (retail executive) respondents were contacted through online Google form and questionnaires were distributed by the researcher personally . The final sample size was 180. Factor analysis is the main statistical tool used to identify underlying variables, or factors, that explain the pattern of correlations within a set of given variables. Researcher has used Principal component method of extraction. The KMO Test was carried out for finding sampling adequacy and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was carried along with approx. Chi-Square test to test the hypothesis. It is identified from the analysis that out of the eight factors six factors are hygiene factors. Out of these six hygiene factors 3 are money based- Monetary gains attracts, Pay Satisfaction and Love of Money. The results have showed that hygiene factors dominated over motivators in terms of job satisfaction (retail executives in NCR. ) . Herzberg’s two factor theory is applicable but not all factors influence or impact and few are becoming obsolete.

Mamta gaur

This chapter delves into the emergence of restorative justice in the 1960s, rooted in the conflict resolution methods of indigenous communities in the United States and Canada. Contrasting sharply with traditional criminal justice, restorative justice places disputing parties at the forefront, enabling offenders to confess their guilt directly to victims through dialogue, aiming to repair harm and achieve satisfaction and social reintegration. This chapter illuminates restorative justice's concept, origins, characteristics, principles, and differences from conventional justice. It explores victim-offender mediation, highlighting its advantages, and examines restorative justice practices in Egypt, including the criminal reconciliation system and police mediation. This chapter raises key questions about these practices and their application in the Arab context, offering insights into a field yet to gain widespread recognition in the region. Employing an analytical descriptive approach, it relies on legal references to deepen understanding and development.

Prof. ramy el-kady

Libya is a country with a great scholastic minds and intellectuals. They have some older universities like Al-Fateh University, Tripoli, Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi or Garyounis University and Libyan International Medical University (Private). Some of the courses conducted by these universities were recognized throughout the world. With civil unrest and the devastation created by the internal conflicts had dented the whole country affecting education to a great extent. Educational institutions are the pillars who build responsible citizens with social and economic commitment. The recent reporting of the decline in the standard of education in world rankings have affected many intellectual minds including faculty from different universities of Libya. The ranking is not a reflection of the standard and standing of many university members belonging to all the faculties including humanities, science and medicine. It will be wise to introspect and reflect the status of education and the role of University in the upliftment of the standard of education.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

In order to overcome the carcinogenic ‘polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon’ emission from aromatic oils, which are restricted in European countries since 2010, various efforts have been made to replace the aromatic oil in rubber-based compounds either fully or partially. The authors in the present work have used liquid isoprene rubber (LIR50 or LIR) as a reactive plasticizer in natural rubber (NR) compound at different loadings (2, 4, 6 and 8 phr) and have studied its effect on viscosity, curing characteristics and physico-mechanical properties. These results were compared with the control compound containing conventional aromatic oil as plasticizer. From the experimental data, it was noticed that, the minimum torque for control compound was 0.33 dNm and that for LIR based compounds ranged between 0.16 to 0.56 dNm. The LIR based compounds exhibited slightly higher Mooney viscosity but offers the same scorch safety. The study supports the utility of LIR as a promising alternative, as revealed by the comparable rheological and physico-mechanical properties attained with the usage of appropriate quantity of LIR, unlike the other alternatives of the previous investigations that usually showed a property difference. Keywords: aromatic oil, liquid rubber, reactive plasticizer, safe processing oil.

Chandresh m. p.

Conservation of Biodiversity is an activity must carry out by all individuals in the world to share the benefits derived from biodiversity. It is a critical task to conduct the biodiversity census and conservation (Biodiversity C & C or Biodiversity C2). Throughout the world several Governament and Non-Governamental organizations work together as a unit to maintain our biodiversity in safe mode. India is a mega diverse country with rich biodiversity. The development of modern science and technologies have increased the value of biodiversity and associated traditional knowledge. To save valuable biodiversity and traditional knowledge of our country, National biodiversity board and State biodiversity board constantly involved in this approach and biodiversity law's support to conserve the living diversity.

Veerabhadraswamy al

The present study focused on analysing the FDI inflow in Electronics industry form year 2007 to 2018 in country and role of FDI in development of the electronic industry in India. As well identify the current status of Electronics industry in world and the share of India in the same. The present research work also attempted to take overview of various policies introduced by Government of India to promote the FDI in Electronics industry. The FDI inflows statistics reveals that the separate category of Electronics sector is created in year 2007 by DIPP for recording FDI inflow. And sector specific data published in DIPP factsheet revels that this industry has attracted 0.55 % of total cumulative FDI inflow in country till December 2018 which is very negligible share of overall FDI in country. The overview of policies revels that NPE–2012 to New NPE-2018 had attempted to provide multiple incentives for Foreign Investors to establish their electronic manufacturing facilities in country but very negligible response has been seen in response of the same. Further results of study reveals that due to various FTA’s & being signatory of WTO’s ITA-1 in year 1996 leads toward reducing competitiveness of electronic manufacturing in India and country become net importer of approximately 50% of overall domestic need of electronics products.

Anshuman vijay magar

A Man-Machine System means an activity occurring/occurred with the involvement of a human being with the help of some tools used to interact with the material. In small foundries, the moulding process is manual & labours have to work in different psychological moods, stress, and strain, without training on ergonomic posture, in different environmental factors such as temperature, vibrations, noise dust which affects productivity and also the amount of human energy input to produce the component. This paper makes an attempt to develop a mathematical model to relate productivity with various parameters and identify the most sensitive parameter to control productivity.

Rahul bachute

Abstract Abundant solar energy is freely available almost round the year in India. As per the current scenario of global warming and climatic change, solar energy is the cleanest source in nature. Concentrated solar power (CSP)has hardly contributed to the overall installed solar power capacity in the country. CSP technologies are Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC), Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR), Paraboloid Dish and Solar Power Tower. This paper presents a review of CSP in solar parabolic dish concentrator to understand thermal aspect like thermal efficiency, optical efficiency, useful heat gain, heat losses, solar irradiation, etc. for various applications and current development. The current scenario of global CSP is discussed to meet the future challenges and need of the society.

Pramod wadate

La problématique de l’accès à l’eau potable soulève de nombreux enjeux de développement au regard des impacts qu’elle génère en milieu rural. C’est pourquoi plusieurs organisations internationales œuvrent aux côtés de l’Etat ivoirien afin de garantir un accès durable et sécurisé à cette ressource pour les populations. Cependant, il existe encore des zones en Côte d’Ivoire où les populations continuent de vivre au quotidien des pénuries d’eau potable. C’est le cas de la Sous-Préfecture de Gboguhé où cette problématique entrave considérablement le développement socioéconomique des villages. Partant de ce contexte, cette contribution tente d’analyser les impacts de la pénurie d’eau potable dans cette zone en s’inscrivant dans une perspective socioanthropologique. Pour ce faire, elle se base sur une approche essentiellement qualitative, mobilisant les techniques de revue de littérature, d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’observations directes pour la production de données. L’étude révèle que la pénurie d’eau potable dans la sous-préfecture de Gboguhé est un facteur de vulnérabilité chez les populations locales au regard des impacts sociaux, économiques, sanitaires et territoriaux qu’elle entraîne.

Dr. kabran aristide djane

Higher Education has an important role in the task of rebuilding a nation and it pavCes the way for overall development of a nation. The twentieth century has witnessed several revolutions like Green revolution, White revolution, I.T revolution, so on and so forth, taking human civilization to new heights. At the start of 21st century, we gave a lot of importance given to higher education. Every country realized the value of higher education and the benefits that accrue from it. “The social demands for higher education continue to increase. The inabilities of the state to support this growing demand result in new financing arrangements for higher education. The recent reforms in this area could be broadly divided into two categories: the privatization of public institutions and the establishment of private institutions of higher education. Privatization implies the application of market principles in the operation of public institutions, while ownership rests within the public domain. Promotion of the private sector implies the growth and expansion of the non-state sector in higher education, and very often this sector does not rely on state funding for its growth and expansion. Both of these measures have paved the way for market operations in higher education

Dr gedam kamalakar

Climate variability also has the potential to worsen existing vulnerabilities such as Malaria, HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis. This study examined the effects of poverty diseases and adaptive capacities to climate change on farm income along river Niger in Edo and Kogi States, Nigeria. Questionnaires were collected from 358 respondents using multistage sampling techniques from Edo and Kogi States. Descriptive statistics and different functional forms of ordinary least squares (OLS) were used as analytical tools. The results revealed that increase in farm size and age will lead to 1.27% and 1.83% increase in farmers’ income respectively. The major constraints identified by the respondents were lack of funds and credit challenge (94.40%), distance to health centres (93.90%) and access to freshwater supplies (82.70%). It was concluded that the majority 83.80% of respondents had malaria diseases. The study recommends that to reduce the effect of poverty disease, there is a need for policy makers to engage communities when making decisions relating to their health.

Sylvester ekemhonye