Network on Chips are becoming an important aspect in areas of multiprocessor chip design and high performance computing. Reduction in usage of excess amount of hardware in router design without operating all parameters can improve the performance of the system. The practical review of various routers applied in future of networking is carried out in this paper. Fundamental design considerations and various components involved in router design in terms of communication, energy management and power conversion is summarized in detail. A brief comparison of various routers designed previously has been made along with design aspects for 3D Torus router.

Ashish mulajkar

Current research investigates the nuanced impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumption patterns in rural Maharashtra, India. Our research has two main goals. First, we want to understand how factors like age, gender, job, education, and family size have affected how people in rural Maharashtra spent money during the pandemic. Second, we want to find out which of these factors had the biggest impact on spending in different parts of the state. Since rural areas have their own unique economic situations, we know it's important to look at how the pandemic affected these communities specifically. We're using math and tables to analyze the information and provide a detailed look at how the pandemic immediately changed spending habits and what it might mean for the future in rural households. This research is not only timely but also essential for informing policy decisions aimed at supporting rural communities in the aftermath of the pandemic. By unraveling the intricate dynamics of consumption in rural Maharashtra, we contribute to a deeper understanding of the economic challenges faced by these communities and provide insights that can guide targeted interventions to foster resilience and recovery.

Nandini jagannarayan

Innovations to enrich mathematics learning resources can be expressed in the form of culture-based or ethnomatematic learning. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ethnomatematic content of Selogending Temple in Kandangan as mathematics teaching material for grade 4 elementary school students. This type of research uses qualitative research. Sources of research data are Selogending Temple and resource persons related to the Selogending Temple site. This study uses data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Qualitative data analysis techniques used are reduction and data exposure, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are mathematical elements in Selogending Temple including plane geometry, spatial geometry and reflection. The Selogending Temple building which has ethnomatic content is the Entrance Gate, Mbah Tejo Kusumo Petilasan, Mbah Pukulun Petilasan, Patrapan Hall, shrine, Padma, Wadung Prabu, Linggasiwa, and Mbah Raden Selogending Petilasan. Inovasi untuk memperkaya sumber belajar matematika dapat dituangkan dalam bentuk pembelajaran berbasis kebudayaan atau etnomatematika. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis muatan etnomatematika pada Candi Selogending di Kandangan, Kabupaten Lumajang, Provinsi Jawa Timur sebagai bahan ajar matematika kelas 4 SD. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah Candi Selogending dan narasumber terkait situs Candi Selogending. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data kualitatif yang digunakan yaitu reduksi dan pemaparan data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat unsur matematika pada Candi Selogending meliputi bangun geometri bidang, geometri ruang dan pencerminan. Bangunan Candi Selogending memiliki yang memiliki muatan etnomatematika adalah Gapura Pintu Masuk, Petilasan Mbah Tejo Kusumo, Petilasan Mbah Pukulun, Balai Patrapan, tempat pemujaan, Padma, Wadung Prabu, Linggasiwa, dan Petilasan Mbah Raden Selogending.

Educare: journal of primary education

The adulteration and substitution of crude drugs is a burning problem. No doubt, substitution is helpful in places where the unavailability of particular oil drugs and or unwanted adverse effects of the desired crude drugs are there and have a choice of another drug with similar pharmacological effects and less unwanted aftereffects. However, in most cases, it is unacceptable because the conversion of authentic drugs into substandard medications may cause a variety of adverse effects, from mild and moderate to severe life-threatening reactions. So, understanding all the ways of adulteration and substitution is necessary to rectify this illegal act and maximize consumers' safety. At the end of this review, the Botanical Adulterant Program of the American Botanical Council is also highlighted.

Dr. salman ahmed

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh adanya permasalahan yang terjadi pada MIN Bangka Belitung Pontianak seperti guru kurang melibatkan siswa dalam materi pembelajaran, guru cenderung menyampaikan materi dengan menggunakan metode ceramah tanpa adanya variasi sehingga menyebabkan kejenuhan dalam belajar, guru kurang memahami dalam tentang memilih dan menentukan strategi cooperative learning tife jigsawyang tepat sehingga berdampak pada terciptanya proses pembelajara yang lebih baik. Penelitian bertujuan untukmengetahui: perencanaan, langkah-langkah, dan evaluasi dalam pembelajaran Materi Aqidah dengan Strategi Cooperative Tipe Jigsaw dalam pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Materi Sikap pada guru di Kelas V MIN Bangka Belitung Pontianak Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Perencanaan Strategi Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsawdalam Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Pada Materi Akhlak Tercela di Kelas V MIN Bangka Belitung Pontianak dengan lebih baik dan siswa lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran; langkah-langkah strategi cooperative learning tipe jigsaw dalam materi sikap siswa di sekolahdi kelas V MIN dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, setiap kelompok diksih materi pembelajaran, dan siswa mendiskusikan dengan materi tersebut; Pelaksanaan evaluasi proses dan hasil kegiatan pembelajaran yang menggunakan langkah strategi cooperative learning tipe jigsaw dalam materi sikap siswa di sekolahdi kelas V MIN Negeri Bangka Belitung Pontianak adalah menggunakan tes tertulis dan tes lisan juga mengunakan penilain proses dari observasi siswa saat proses pembelajaran atau setelah mata kuliah selesai.

Educare: journal of primary education

Communication is not always direct; it often involves nuanced elements like humor, irony, and sarcasm. This study introduces a novel two-level approach for sarcasm detection, leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are crucial for many deep learning applications, yet their deployment on IoT devices is challenged by resource constraints and the need for low latency, particularly in on-device training. Traditional methods of deploying large CNN models on these devices often lead to suboptimal performance and increased energy consumption. To address this, our paper proposes an energy-efficient CNN design by optimising batch normalisation operations. Batch normalisation is vital for deep learning, aiding in faster convergence and stabilising gradient flow, but there has been limited research on creating energy-efficient and lightweight CNNs with optimised batch normalisation. This study proposes a 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) optimisation technique for batch normalization. This technique introduces an energy-efficient CNN architecture. We investigate the use of batch normalization optimization to streamline memory usage and computational complexity, aiming to uphold or improve model performance on CPU-based systems. Additionally, we evaluate its effectiveness across diverse datasets, focusing on energy efficiency and adaptability in different settings. Furthermore, we analyze how batch normalization influences the performance and effectiveness of activation functions and pooling layers in neural network designs. Our results highlight batch normalization's ability to enhance computational efficiency, particularly on devices with limited resources.

Jiby mariya jose

COVID-19 is associate communicable disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. It's currently a virulent disease unfold moving several countries globally. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practices of COVID-19 among general public at the selected setting, Chennai. The main objective was to assess the knowledge and practice on COVID-19, correlate the knowledge with practice on COVID-19, and associate the knowledge and practice on COVID-19 with the demographic variables among the public. A Quantitative non-experimental analysis style was used to assess the knowledge and practice of COVID-19. Sixty individuals were chosen through the non-probability convenience sampling technique. The findings of the analysis disclosed that the majority (40%) of the samples had a high level of knowledge and 43.3% of them had a good practice, 33.3% of them had a moderate level of knowledge and 30% of them had moderate practice, whereas 26.7% of them had a low level of knowledge and 26.7% of them had poor practice on COVID 19. Keywords:- COVID-19, Knowledge, Practice, Pandemic, General Public.

Elsi queen

Introduction: The right lung has two fissures, an oblique and a horizontal, dividing it into three lobes namely the upper, middle, and lower. The nature of the fissure is of great importance in planning operative strategy for thoracoscopic pulmonary resection where an the incomplete fissure may contribute to post-operative air leakage Aim: To assess the gross morphological features of the right lung with special emphasis on the completeness of horizontal fissure. Material & Method: Material for the present study comprised of right lungs obtained from 50 well-embalmed adult human cadavers of both the sexes dissected as a part of 1 MBBS curriculum in the Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Results: Horizontal fissure was found to be complete in only 10% of the lungs while in rest 90% it was either incomplete or absent. Conclusion: Inferable from the huge variation in nonappearance or partial appearance of horizontal fissure in the right lung and to the absence of an acceptable classification of fissures, an endeavor has been made to give one such classification. In like manner, the horizontal fissure is evaluated from Grade zero to IV contingent on its absence and profundity from coastal surface to the hilum. Each evaluation is additionally divided into 3 subgrades relying on the culmination or incompleteness of these fissures with respect to their length.

Dr kulbir kaur

Background: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has demonstrated potential in managing Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, its oral administration is limited by systemic side effects such as cardiovascular risks and hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a thermo-adhesive intranasal gel containing pioglitazone, utilizing Poloxamer 407 and Carbomer, as a targeted drug delivery system for AD. Methods: A series of gel formulations was prepared and assessed for gelling capacity, homogeneity, pH, and stability. The solubility of pioglitazone in various solvents was tested, and the optimal thermo-adhesive gel was selected based on gelation at physiological temperature (37°C–39°C). Results: The formulation containing 3 g Poloxamer 407 and 0.8 mg Carbomer successfully transitioned into a gel at body temperature and maintained physical stability over 2 months under accelerated conditions. The pH remained within the acceptable intranasal range (5.7–6.0), and no visual or olfactory changes were observed. Conclusions: The developed thermo-adhesive intranasal gel offers a promising alternative to oral pioglitazone delivery for AD, with the potential for enhanced Central Nervous System (CNS) targeting and reduced systemic side effects. Further toxicity and in vivo efficacy studies are warranted to confirm safety and therapeutic value.

Karishma

Background: The significance of healthcare wastes (HCWs) consists in their hazardous component, which constitutes real danger to public health. In Nigeria, healthcare waste management (HCWM) has remained a problem yet to be properly recognized and so addressed. The study aimed to sensitise health workers and the public on the need for proper management of HCWs, considering the public health implications of not doing so. Methods: The waste management systems of ten healthcare facilities (HCFs) were assessed, using a modification of the WHO rapid assessment tool. In each HCF, segregated wastes were collected daily for ten days and quantified by weighing, using a spring balance. Results: Administratively, the HCWM system was poor in the ten HCFs (40.6%). 70% of them had satisfactory waste segregation, 81%, good waste treatment, and 26.7% adequate transportation methods for waste. None of the HCFs had budget allocation for HCWM, and 90% had inadequate storage facilities. Mean waste generation was 1.81 kg/day, 0.23 kg/patient/day, 0.16 kg/bed/day, and proportion of infectious wastes 16.8%. Correlation between the number of patients and proportion of infectious waste, was positive, strong and significant (r=0.80, p=0.01), and between bed occupancy rate and proportion of infectious waste, was positive too, but weak, and insignificant (r=0.34, p=0.34). Conclusions: In view of the identified weaknesses of the ten HCFs in HCWM, budget allocations for HCWM, improving waste storage facilities and transportation, with strengthening of waste segregation, collection, and treatment, would help to ensure adequate HCWM in the HCFs.

Emmanuel umegbolu

The study has examined the similarities and differences in the coverage of two Palestinian news agencies Ma’an and Palestinian Information Center (PIC) on the reactions of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas’s regarding relocating the US embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. The study has also aimed to explore the use of four function of framing by Entman 1993 in the news stories of both agencies. Qualitative content analysis has been adopted to achieve the aim of this study. The total sampling number was 9 news stories; 3 stories have been retrieved from Ma’an, and the other 6 have been retrieved from PIC. The time frame has started from December 5, 2017 which marked the day of informing Abbas by Trump’s decision to move the Embassy until December 22 2017 which was a day after gaining a sweeping victory in UN by President Abbas through a resolution that rejected the decision. Both of the news agencies were supportive to President Abbas in their coverage and none of them has any negative coverage about him. From the sampling number it can be seen that PIC has paid more attention for the coverage of this issue than Ma’an. However, PIC has ignored the success of President Abbas for achieving UN resolution against Trump’s decision. Morover, all the news stories has included “define the problem” while excluded “diagnose causes” functions. However both “make moral judgment” and “suggest remedies” have been included in all news stories of Ma’an, and only half of news stories of PIC.

Mohammed fadel arandas

Potato starch extraction is a critical process with implications across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and bioplastics. This review explores current techniques, challenges, and future opportunities in potato starch extraction. Traditional methods such as compression or wet grinding, enzymatic processes, and microwave-assisted extraction are examined for their efficiency, advantages, and limitations. The paper emphasizes the importance of quality control measures to ensure the purity and safety of the extracted starch. Critical quality control aspects include raw material inspection, monitoring during processing, purity and composition analysis, and adherence to national and international standards. Innovations in extraction methods, including enzymatic and green solvent extraction, ultrasonic and microwave-assisted techniques, and advancements in nanotechnology and biotechnological approaches, are highlighted as trends driving the industry towards greater sustainability and efficiency. The clean label movement also reflects a consumer-driven shift towards natural, minimally processed ingredients, influencing industry practices and regulatory compliance. The future of potato starch extraction holds significant promise, with the integration of sustainable practices and technological innovations to meet evolving market demands and regulatory standards, underscoring the need for continuous research and development in the field.

Dr. salman ahmed

Fueled by the recent advancements in pervasive environment, affluent context aware systems is among the rousing in computing today, including embedded environment, different wireless network technology, electronic communication and so on. Context-Aware Collaborative Filtering using Genetic Algorithm approach resulted in an improved mobile business model by determining optimal similarities between contexts. In this work, we plan to devise a hybrid framework called Multi-distribution Perceptron and Hidden Markov Model to smoothen the mobile networks with different degrees of context- confidence. Initially, Multi-distribution Layer Perceptron Model is designed aiming at improving the precision rate with the aid of Multi-distribution Bayesian Posterior measure. Experimental analysis shows that the M-PHMM framework is able to reduce the computational complexity for obtaining user patterns by 26.05% and improve the precision rate by 18.90% compared to the state-of-the- art works.

Dr h shaheen

Recession affects many factors; it affects the export, Slowdown of the industrial production, which result into slowdown of growth. Human resource management is responsible for how people are treated in organizations. It is responsible for bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work, compensating them for their labours, and solving problems that arise. Recession presents a very difficult time for any existing organization in today’s corporate world and no company is exempted from this truth. The biggest challenge for companies and especially Human Resource in this economy downturn is to survive and to remain competitive, companies reorganized and reengineered to reduce waste. Recession poses unique challenges to the HR department. HRM strategies & innovations providing a wide selection of employees, employers, customers, suppliers etc. in all ranges This paper outlines the transformation of HRM strategies and innovations in Asia. Beginning with its inception, the paper is progresses towards its various HRM functions like recruitment and selection of employee, training and development, compensation and benefits, growth of Human communication, This paper also highlights HRM strategies to counter intensified competition and external conditions like global economic recession, the resultant credit crunch and its impact on employee performance.

Dr. pankaj shyamlalji vishwakarma

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Papilionaceae) is a medicinally important plant and is used for the treatment of different diseases. Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and phytic acid have been reported in this plant. Antioxidant, antidiabetic and hypocholesterolemic activities are reported by Vigna unguiculata. The present review attempts to compile all the previous data based on its medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology reported in the earlier articles.

Dr. salman ahmed

Background: This study investigated the utilization of consumer health informatics in health promotion among the staff of tertiary institutions in Rivers state. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. Two research questions guided this paper. The population of this paper comprised all the 13,046 staff of tertiary institutions in Rivers state. A sample of 1226 staff was drawn using multi-stage sampling techniques. An instrument titled, “Utilization of Consumer Health Informatics in Health Promotion Questionnaire” (UCHIHPQ) was adopted for data collection. The instrument was validated and reliability yielded an index of 0.80. Mean and Standard Deviation statistics were used to answer the research questions. The statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS v23. Results: The result revealed among others that to a very large extent, the respondents accepted that consumer health informatics was used to improve their nutritional and physical health status. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded and recommended among others that staff of tertiary institutions in Rivers state should regularly use intelligent informatics applications to attain a healthy balance between self-reliance and seeking professional help concerning nutritional and physical health matter

Fxintegrity publishing

This study's objective was to determine the distribution of allele frequencies of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms among the Papuan population, known as the second-largest ethnic group in Indonesia. According to recent research, there is a decrease in CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 produced by humans globally, including in Indonesia. These gene polymorphisms aid in the transmission of various endogenous and exogenous drugs in the human body. Material and Methods: A sum of 99 subjects, comprising 73 male and 26 female subjects aged 20-30 years, were used for this research. PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis using AvaII, NsiI, and SfaNI enzymes tested for the genotypes CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 administered. The distribution of genotypes was calculated in the population (P<0.05) using the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University's Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee (MHREC) accepted this research with written consent. The results revealed that in Papua subjects, CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853) and CYP2C19*17 (rs12248560) alleles were absent while in 17 percent of the population CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) allele frequency was. In conclusion, CYP2C9*3 has the highest polymorphism rate in Indonesia, with the absence of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C19*17. Therefore, genetic drift can occur within this ethnic group.

Syahrul tuba

The present study is designed to determine the types of secondary metabolites in three selected seed powders using a fast, reliable, and non-destructive Near Infra Red spectroscopic analytical technique. NIRS analysis of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., Phaseolus lunatus Linn., and Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., seed flours were used to qualitatively evaluate secondary metabolites. The fine powder of crude drug was directly applied to FOSS XDS near the infrared Rapid Content Analyzer. The adequately filled powdered sample in a disposable glass silicate vial closed with a plastic lid was centrally placed onto the Foss Rapid Content Analyzer sample presentation glass. The scanning of samples at ambient temperature gives NIR spectra within 30 seconds. The major proposed compounds in M. uniflorum were 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, linolenic acid, niacin, quercetin, sinapinic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. Whereas coumaric acid, fructose, galactose, L-serine, raffinose, stachyose, sucrose, threonine, and tyrosine were detected in P. lunatus, and the NIR suggested the presence of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapinic acid, phytic acid, leucine, and valine in P. vulgaris. NIRS is an advanced innovative technology extensively used in chemical, food, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries for rapid and reliable standardization. The present study revealed an excellent correlation to conclude that flour samples of all three legume seeds could be added to the food system to achieve nutritional and functional benefits.

Dr. salman ahmed

WSN is a low-power system and are often used in numerous monitoring uses, such as healthcare, environmental, and systemic health surveillance, in addition to military surveillance. It is important to reduce network resource usage since many of these applications need to be installed in locations that are virtually inaccessible to humans. Many protocols for WSN to extend the presence of the network have been established to solve this problem. In the energy efficiency of WSN networks, routing protocols play an important role since they help minimize power usage and response time and provide sensor networks with high data density and service quality. This study also employed a Hopfield neural network and the findings from this study are presented next to each other to enable comparison. This paper also discusses how to easily and accurately capture and handle WSN collisions. Future experiments that require the usage of neural networks and so many fuzzy structures will be able to prevent a crash in these respects.

Mohd haroon

PKN Subject is on one of lesson implemented on SD, SMP and SMA to apply student characters and to form the student to understand and love home land also understand global life. The research background of the low student achievement on study still using lecture method, giving assignments, answer and guestion on PKN subject. The purposes of this research: 1.how student achievement on PKN subject before using word sguare model. 2. How student achievement on PKN subject after using calassroom action rescarch with quantitative approach. The sample is the students of class III MIS NU 2 Pontianak.in order to get the data, researcher using observation shett, measurement technique and documentation study.The result concluded: 1.the student achievement before using word square model the average is 53 ( good category ) with KKM > 70 as 5 or 25% and students with KKM < 70 as 15 students or 75%. 2. The student achievement after using word square on cycle 1 is 68,5 ( Better category) with KKM 55%. On the other hands, cycle 11 is 82,5 (Great category ) with KKM 90%. Mata pelajaran PKn salah satu pelajaran yang diterapkan mulai dari SD, SMP dan SMA dengan membekali karakter dan membentuk peserta didik cinta tanah air dan paham dalam kehidupan yang serba global. Rumusan penelitian ini; 1) Bagaimanan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran word square kelas 3 MIS NU 2 Pontianak. 2) Bagaimana hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran word square kelas 3 MIS NU 2 Pontianak. Metode dan jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III MIS NU 2 Pontianak. Untuk mendapatkan data peneliti menggunakan lembar observasi, teknik pengukuran dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1) Hasil belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PKn sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran Word Square diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 53 (kategori cukup) dengan siswa yang tuntas mencapai nilai KKM ? 70 sebanyak 5 atau 25% dan siswa yang tidak tuntas dengan nilai KKM ? 70 sebanyak 15 siswa atau 75%. 2) Hasil belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PKn setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran Word Square pada siklus I sebesar 68,5 (kategori baik) dan siswa yang mencapai KKM sebesar 55%. Sedangkan pada siklus II sebesar 82,5 (kategori sangat baik) dan siswa yang mencapai KKM sebesar 90.

Educare: journal of primary education