Gender Bias is an ambivalent issue all over the world. Understanding the values of being a man on women by one another may solve many consequences in future. Gender Bias will be dismissed by empowering women in the society. Because of the Gender Bias particularly women are in despaired state. UNO and many organizations have taken many decisions and efforts to empower women which will reduce the impacts of Gender Bias. Even though women are empowered we didn’t get remarkable result yet. Even our society is ridicule get ride from traditional customs but women themselves are opponent for accepting new rules and liberations. Empowering women is a mandated one; it is not implemented properly empower must bring the equal rights to women.

Priya darshini

The aim of the study was to explore the inhibition and modulation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals into calcium oxalate dihydrate by phytic acid. The study was carried out on glass slides using phytic acid (1 - 5%) solutions. All tested solutions inhibited the growth and modulated calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. Donuts, rosettes and X-shape crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate along with their defected forms were observed. The presence of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals as elongated rods and tetragonal bipyramidal crystals revealed the modulated forms of calcium oxalate monohydrate. Smaller zones of nucleation are declared as general patterns of growth inhibition. This study gives valuable information about calcium oxalate crystals' inhibition and modulation patterns. Further studies are required to confirm the results of the present study.

Dr. salman ahmed

Inhalation of a gas anesthetic produces rapid induction of anesthesia without the need for intravenous drugs. Although it is specifically useful for patients who are afraid of injections or if their intravenous access is difficult, single-breath induction may also allow patients to wake up more quickly than intravenous induction drugs. The object of this study is to compare isoflurane and sevoflurane during inhalation in Libyan patients undergoing surgery in terms of side effects like blood pressure and heart rate changes and complications. Seventy- five patients were recruited in this study from different hospitals in Benghazi City, Libya (January to March, 2022) including Aljalaa Hospital and Alatfal Hospital, and data including side effects and complications were collected through data collection. Surgeries that used isoflurane, or sevoflurane or both inhalation gases for anesthesia were included in our data. While the surgeries which did not use any of these inhalation gases were excluded from our data. When we compared the side effects of using isoflurane with sevoflurane according to the age group, we found that hypotension is the most occurring side effect companies to the use of isoflurane in our adult population (28.6%) and in pediatrics (14.3%) but there was a low incidence of other side effects related to sevoflurane administration. Regarding to side effects related to the use of sevoflurane according to the age groups, 16 adult Libyan patients experienced no side effects (61.5%) compared to 10 children (38.5%). It can be concluded that both isoflurane and sevoflurane are suitable for daycare anesthesia. Sevoflurane might be an ideal drug for single-breath inhaled induction of anesthesia due to it has fewer side effects and complications.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

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Priyanka

During the 16th century, firearms played a transformative role in Indian warfare, considerably enhancing the effectiveness of the Mughal army. The introduction of muskets and artillery by Babur in 1526 revolutionized military strategies, giving the Mughals a decisive advantage in battles and sieges. The Mughal army’s structure, particularly under Akbar’s Mansabdari system, centralized control and ensured a loyal, efficient military force. This technological and organizational superiority enabled the Mughals to consolidate power over diverse regions through a combination of military might and diplomacy. By the 17th century, there was a significant change in rebellions as firearms started being used by peasants. This shift in weaponry fundamentally altered the nature of these uprisings, empowering the peasantry in new ways to resist authority. Multiethnic regional powers also recognized the importance of firearms, acquiring them from the Mughals or Europeans, and employing them effectively in battles. In the mid-18th century, the Marathas and later the Mysore Sultanate took a notable step by establishing arms factories and engaging European experts to produce advanced firearms. This marked a departure from the past, where regional powers typically relied on the Mughals or European companies for firearm procurement. This shift toward domestic arms production signaled a move toward greater self-sufficiency and the development of advanced firepower. By the 18th century, the Mughal Empire was in decline, and multiethnic regional powers and European colonial forces, equipped with advanced firearms, challenged and eventually overshadowed Mughal dominance.

Bidyut patar

A 15-year-old girl with asthma presented to the emergency department with a sudden worsening of her shortness of breath overnight. For the past two days, she had been suffering from mild dyspnea, a low-grade fever, a productive cough with sputum, and mild pleuritic chest pain. Upon examination, her vital signs were recorded as follows: temperature: 38.2°C, blood pressure: 112/68 mm Hg, pulse rate: 131 beats per minute, respiratory rate: 25 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation: 84% while breathing room air. Chest auscultation indicated diminished breath sounds in the right lower lung zone accompanied by wheezing.

Karishma

Background: To assess the awareness, knowledge about refractive errors and strabismus among the general public in southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Methods: A cross sectional population-based survey used a semi structured questionnaire on awareness, knowledge on refractive errors and strabismus done as part of knowledge, attitude and practices study (KAP). Stratified multistage cluster random sampling method was used with a sample size of 867 adults- ≥16 years. Having heard of refractive error and strabismus was defined as awareness and having knowledge of the type of error for which spectacles were worn, was considered as knowledge. A pilot study was conducted to validate the questions used in the main study. Statistical package SPSS (version 19) was used for analysis to calculate logistic regression and odds ratios for gender, age, education and urban-rural areas. Results: A total of 782/867 (90.1%) subjects participated in the survey with females 47.4%. 581 subjects (74.3%) were aware of refractive error. 690 subjects (88.2%) were aware of squint. With multiple logistic regression about awareness of refractive error to various variables, subjects who were educated 11th class to degree had a higher awareness (OR: 2.40; CI: 1.25-4.60). With multiple logistic regression about awareness of squint to various variables, females had a higher awareness of squint (OR: 1.98; CI: 1.19-3.31). Conclusions: Awareness of squint and refractive error was high among the general public, but the knowledge of it was limited.

Srinivasa reddy pallerla

This study investigated the level of environmental citizenship development through curriculum development planning among primary school pupils in Rivers State. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive survey design was used. The population for the study was the 15,611 teachers in the 962 public primary schools in Rivers State. A stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 1,600 teachers which represents 10.2% of the population. A researchers’ designed questionnaire titled "Curriculum Development Planning in Environmental Education Questionnaire" was the instrument used for the study. The instruments were validated by three experts. Reliability coefficients of 0.88 (Curriculum Provision), 0.73 (Environmental Education Projects), and 0.79 (Challenges) were derived using Cronbach alpha. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using the z-test. Findings revealed that the extent to which environmental education projects were utilized to develop environmental citizenship in pupils is low. The challenges militating against the teaching of environmental education are lack of commitment from the school management, lack of time in the lesson timetable to integrate environmental education contents in other subject areas, and teachers' inadequate knowledge of environmental education integration techniques. It was recommended amongst others that the Nigerian Education Research and Development Council should design age-appropriate curriculum contents/topics that can be integrated into various subjects.

Fxintegrity publishing

Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women and the third most common cause of cancer death in men. Therefore, early detection of this cancer can lead to lower infection and death rates. In this research, we propose a new lightweight deep learning approach based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for efficient colon cancer detection. In our method, the input histopathological images are normalized before feeding them into our CNN model, and then colon cancer detection is performed. The efficiency of the proposed system is analyzed with publicly available histopathological images database and compared with the state-of-the-art existing methods for colon cancer detection. The result analysis demonstrates that the proposed deep model for colon cancer detection provides a higher accuracy of 99.50%, which is considered the best accuracy compared with the majority of other deep learning approaches. Because of this high result, the proposed approach is computationally efficient.

Mehdhar s. a. m. al-gaashani

Paracetamol is one of the most found over the counter drugs worldwide. It is widely used as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. Many commercial types of paracetamol tablets are available under different brand names in the Libyan drug market. The present study was conducted to evaluate post-marketing quality parameters for three brands of paracetamol tablets marketed in Libya. All three brands were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and uniformity of content following British pharmacopeia guidelines. The outcomes of this study showed all tested brands complied with the British pharmacopeia specifications for the weight variation test, friability test (0.05%-0.17%), and hardness test (171.3N-197.6 N). In addition, two brands passed the British pharmacopeia requirements for the disintegration time test, whereas one brand exceeded the allowed disintegration time by about five minutes. Furthermore, high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine paracetamol content. Although the average amount of paracetamol drug available in these brands is not very close to 100%, where one brand achieved the lowest value (438.1 mg), the loaded dose of paracetamol in selected tablets in the three brands was within the British pharmacopeia standard specifications for the uniformity content test. Therefore, it can be concluded that almost all the three tested brands of paracetamol tablets that are available in the Libyan drug market meet the British pharmacopeia specification for quality control analysis.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Fused silica capillaries treated with N, N-didodecyl-N, N-dimethylammonium bromide was used in capillary electrophoresis to separate basic proteins using ammonium acetate as BGE at pH 4.0, 70 mM. This surfactant forms a semi-stable coating that provides a strong anodic electroosmosis; however, such coating must regularly be regenerated to maintain efficiency and reproducibility. The temporal stability of the coating was greatly improved by a new procedure as described in previously study by our group. In this study, it is found such experimental conditions that the starting zone could be enriched without loss of sample. The injection of a short plug of the BGE diluted 100 times for 3 sec in 50 µm i.d. capillaries behind the sample zone at 15 kV gave the best performance, whereas, a plug of lower dilution degree (10 times) in 25 µm i.d injected for 3 sec at the same field strength gave the optimum results for this dimension. In conclusion, those conditions were found to effectively decrease the loss of sample and to give a higher separation performance in regard to peak efficiency and resolution compared to injecting the sample without a plug.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

On 18 March 2020, all South African universities and colleges were closed due to the COVID-19 virus. By early April, 10 universities announced that they were planning to resume teaching and learning online, including the University of the Witwatersrand (i.e., Wits University), Johannesburg, which is the joint highest ranked university in Africa. Therefore, the purpose of this editorial was to examine the perceptions and attitudes of these students regarding online learning in an era of disruption of COVID-19, uniquely using both multi-mixed methods research approaches (i.e., involving the partial integration of multiple methods research approaches and mixed methods research approaches) and meta-methods study approaches (i.e., involving the full[er] integration of multiple methods research approaches and mixed methods research approaches). A total of 4,419 Wits University students completed an online survey. A principal components analysis of one of survey’s scales, namely, the Attitude of Students Towards COVID-19 and its Impact on Higher Education scale, revealed 2 subscales, namely, Students’ Self-regulation Towards COVID-19-Based Higher Education and Attitudes Toward Teaching, Learning, and Assessment in COVID-19-Based Higher Education. Nonparametric analyses revealed that scores on these measures discriminated gender, age group, level of student (i.e., undergraduate vs. postgraduate), locality status (i.e., local vs. international student), and registration status (i.e., full-time vs. part-time). A multiple analysis of the open-ended responses by the VOSviewer 1.6.14 text mining software program led to the identification of 6 metathemes. Similarly, WordStat 8.0.29 topic modeling yielded 5 metathemes that mapped onto VOSviewer’s 6 metathemes, indicating triangulation of findings. A sentiment analysis revealed negative sentiments that identified not only the biggest challenges for students but also the characteristics of students who experience these challenges. Finally, a cluster analysis, combined with chi-square analyses, led to the identification of 4 clusters of students who differed with respect to their attitudes and online experiences. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Dr emmanuel ojo

Scientific research is an extremely important element in higher education. Nearly all undergraduate students at the university are required to take research courses in the formation process. Therefore, the current paper aims to explore Vietnamese undergraduate students’ attitudes towards research. To measure attitudes towards research, the study used Papanastasiou’s Revised Attitude Towards Research (R-ATR) scale (2014). This psychometric proprieties scale consisted of 13 items with three factors: research usefulness (4 items), research anxiety (5 items), and positive research predispositions (4 items). Data were collected by a questionnaire survey on a convenient sample of 520 undergraduate students from six universities in Vietnam. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the students’ attitudes were high in the factor of research usefulness and positive research predispositions. However, in the factor of anxiety, the attitudes were moderate. In addition, the public undergraduate students had significantly more positive attitudes towards research than the private undergraduate students. Similarly significant results were found for gender, year of study, and research experience.

Le minh tien

Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas. is used traditionally to treat hypertension and chronic venous insufficiency. The high prevalence of hypertension and the side effects of antihypertensive drugs potentiate us to evaluate Melilotus officinalis. The hypotensive effect of Melilotus officinalis butanol fraction (MOBF) was investigated in anaesthetised normotensive rats. The doses of 60, 80 and 100 mg/ kg, i.v., produced a significant (P<0.05) decrease in blood pressure. The statistically non-significant reduction in blood pressure was shown by 20 and 40 mg/ kg, i.v. These results suggest that Melilotus officinalis exhibited a hypotensive effect in normotensive rats. However, further evaluation of compound-related activity is required.

Dr. salman ahmed

The chosen organisation for this research work is Primark. Primark is a renowned fashion retailer operating in the global markets today. The organisation is known for its latest fashion products (Azad, 2018). Primark has been selected because it is a famous brand in the global market and has an okay -developed marketing department. Marketing is one of the most critical areas of an organisation. This is mainly because this area helps plan and implement strategies that can enhance an organisation’s sales, profits, and market share. Moreover, marketing can also ensure that customer satisfaction is high, and the positive relationships are maintained with all individuals and parties that are directly or indirectly associated with an organisation. The marketing mix of an organisation comprises of several strategies that can enhance the value to its customers. Following tasks will further elaborate about marketing and its core concepts -

Zamzam abdelazim

Geotextiles have been successfully used for reinforcement of soils to improve the bearing capacity. In this study geotextile as a tensional material have been used for reinforcement of granular soils. Laboratory California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were performed to investigate the load-penetration behavior of reinforced soils with geotextile. Samples of granular soil are selected and tested without reinforcement. Then CBR tests were performed by placing geotextile in one or two layers at various depths in soil sample. The effect of the number of geotextile on the increase in bearing capacity of reinforced granular soil is discussed.

Mayura

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has recently been recognized in different parts of the world, even affecting healthy populations. The deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Few studies have been done to evaluate the status of vitamin D in the medical community around the world. No studies have been done in Libya to evaluate the status of vitamin D in medical students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low level of vitamin D in among healthy Libyan medical students of first year in University of Tripoli, Tripoli. Prospective study was conducted on 100 medical students of first year in Faculty of Medicine with a mean age of 19.5 years, 38 males and 62 females. Blood samples were taken and investigated for different biochemical parameters including serum calcium, serum vitamin D and serum parathyroid hormone levels. Questionnaire containing different data was completed for each student including personal data (age, address, nationality, and other data related to vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in all the participated students was 74% (58.7% in males and 83.8% in females), while 21% had vitamin D insufficiency (28% in males and 16.12% in females). Only 5% of the students that had normal vitamin D was males. The mean 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was 19.49 ± 8.56 ng/ml in males and 12.08 ± 6.70 ng/ml in female students. Statistical analysis revealed that there is a highly significant difference among the student in vitamin D deficiency. In conclusion, low concentration of vitamin D is highly prevalent among the medical students included. An urgent action has to be taken in order to prevent adverse consequences of low vitamin D in young population.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

L’émergence des territoires et l’épuisement des saltus stimulent des questions foncières longtemps restées en veilleuse. Au T ogo en général et spécifiquement dans l’Ouest de la Région des Savanes, la terre est une propriété privée des lignages. Le droit foncier y repose sur la prééminence du droit du premier occupant et matérialisé par une divinité appelée Tingban. L’insuffisance des preuves de prééminence et l’authenticité des fétiches, source de droit, opposent souvent les collectivités. La présente étude décrit l’épuisement des ressources foncières et analyse les conflits fonciers qui opposent les collectivités dans l’Ouest de la Région des Savanes. La méthodologie adoptée repose sur l’observation participante, la recherche documentaire et les entretiens. Les résultats révèlent de nombreuses disputes socio-foncières qui opposent les lignages, les villages et les cantons. Les collectivités contestent entre elles, les droits de paternité sur les terres dans 74% des cas alors que 26% des querelles foncières sont dus aux remises en cause des limites des propriétés collectives. Ces contestations plongent leurs racines dans la complexité du droit foncier coutumier fondé sur la prééminence du droit du premier occupant. Elles sont aussi liées à la non maîtrise des limites des domaines fonciers lignagers et des territoires cantonaux respectivement par les descendants, les chefs de villages et les chefs de cantons.

Assanvo

The establishment of energy-saving and natural resource-saving systems is an important issue and relevant research and development should be accomplished without delay. Making structures lighter is one way to save energy. The study of light metals such as aluminium and magnesium alloys has received much attention. Aluminium alloys are especially attractive because of superior recyclability and workability. However, present structures made of stainless steels cannot be entirely replaced with aluminium alloy structures, taking into account strength, weldability and economics, although it is possible to replace part of a structure with aluminium alloy components. In this case, it is necessary to joint SS 430F steel with Aluminium 6061. Few sound joints have been obtained, owing to the formation of a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds which were using fusion welding. In the recent years, welding of dissimilar metals by conventional welding techniques has become difficult. The flux used for the welding will create lot of heat which reduces the strength of the welded joints. In order to overcome this, friction welding is more effective in joining dissimilar metals when compared with fusion welding, since it is a solid-state process. Heat is generated in friction welding by conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy in the interface of work pieces during rotation under pressure. Various ferrous and non-ferrous alloys having circular or non-circular across sections and that have different thermal and mechanical properties which can be joined by the friction welding. Conventional structures made of steel have been replaced by lighter materials, capable of providing high mechanical strength, lower volume of material and good corrosion resistance components such as those used in industries (shipbuilding, light and heavy automotive, electrical, chemical, civil, space and nuclear industry).

Boopathy govindarajan

This comparative study was conducted between local (Libyan) and imported (Chinese) garlic to evaluate their antibacterial activity against some isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The study was carried out by using the agar well diffusion method at different aqueous extract concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The results showed that distinct antibacterial effects on both types of garlic with some differences between local and imported garlic. However, the zone of inhibition was more against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity increased with the increase of concentration. So, this study recommends that garlic should be used against bacterial infection and more studies may be done against other bacterial species, especially multidrug-resistance strains.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences