Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare and new but increasingly recognized immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition known to affect multiple organs. The diagnostic approach is challenging, as there is no single investigation to confirm the diagnosis, which requires the integration of clinical, biochemical, and radiographic manifestations with classic histopathologic features to establish the diagnosis. The histology of IgG4-RD is determined by a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis in the presence of an increased level of IgG4 in most patients. The first line of treatment is systemic glucocorticoids, but adverse effects of the drug, suboptimal response, and disease recurrences on reduction or termination of therapy highlight the need for an alternative therapy such as rituximab, which appears to be a promising alternate agent in the treatment of IgG4-RD; however, its efficacy needs to be evaluated in large clinically controlled trials.

Karishma

This present study evaluated the quality attributes of functional bread developed from the blends of wheat and soy-okara (SOF) flour. A completely randomized design which generated six (6) experimental runs based on different combinations of wheat (60–90%) and soy-okara (10–40%) flours was adopted for the production of functional bread. The flour blends were processed into bread and analyzed for sensory properties. The optimum flour combination in obtaining higher sensory acceptability was 85.34% WHF and 14.66% SOF with desirability function of 85% using numerical optimization techniques. The control (100% whole-wheat bread) and optimized bread produced were assessed for physicochemical, antioxidant properties and sensory qualities. The carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium of the optimized bread were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the control sample having 58.14 and 75.14%, 128.80, and 75.60 mg/100 g, 68.18 and 63.77 and 13.83 ppm and 12.62 ppm respectively. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the control and optimized bread were significantly (p<0.05) different with values ranging from 92.77 to 114.86 mg/100 g and 66.43 to 57.51 mg/100 g respectively. A significant variation was observed in the sensory qualities between the control and optimized bread. The study revealed that the nutritional and antioxidant properties of the developed functional bread validate its potential health-promoting effects.

Okechukwu obed chukwuemeka

This chapter delves into the emergence of restorative justice in the 1960s, rooted in the conflict resolution methods of indigenous communities in the United States and Canada. Contrasting sharply with traditional criminal justice, restorative justice places disputing parties at the forefront, enabling offenders to confess their guilt directly to victims through dialogue, aiming to repair harm and achieve satisfaction and social reintegration. This chapter illuminates restorative justice's concept, origins, characteristics, principles, and differences from conventional justice. It explores victim-offender mediation, highlighting its advantages, and examines restorative justice practices in Egypt, including the criminal reconciliation system and police mediation. This chapter raises key questions about these practices and their application in the Arab context, offering insights into a field yet to gain widespread recognition in the region. Employing an analytical descriptive approach, it relies on legal references to deepen understanding and development.

Prof. ramy el-kady

Though the anatomy and physiology of the adult caprine (Capra hircus L.) stomach have been investigated extensively, the early development of the abomasum has not yet been fully elucidated. The glandular part of abomasum plays an important role in digestion of ingested food by action of gastric juices. Very few studies have been conducted so far regarding histogenesis of goat foetal abomasum in India. In the present study, we have investigated the embryonic and early foetal development of the goat, Capra hircus L. fundic abomasum. We collected 36 developing abomasum of healthy and normal embryos/foeti of goat and assigned them into three group viz. Gr. I (0-50 days of gestation), Gr. II (51-100 days of gestation) and Gr. III (101-150 days of gestation). Small pieces of tissues were processed by routine paraffin. The wall of glandular stomach, the fundic part, was composed of epithelium, pleuripotent blastemic tissue and serosa up to 44 days of gestation. Tunica muscularis became separable at 46 days of gestation. The epithelium was stratified type up to 50 days and gradually changed to pseudo-stratified columnar to simple columnar type from 76 days of gestation. Primary and secondary abomasal folds were observed at 51 and 76 days of gestation, respectively. Gastric pit, the fore runner of gastric gland was reported first at 70 days. The gland became branched tubular type at 145 days. The cells found in the mucosa of the abomasum were surface epithelial cells, chief cells, parietal cells, mucous neck cells and undifferentiated cells. Chief and parietal cell were observed at 76 days and mucous neck cells at 82 days of gestation. Reticular, collagen and elastic fibers came into sight at 38, 76 and 100 days of gestation, respectively. The present study is expected to supplement known data and knowledge regarding histogenesis of goat fetal abomasum and help in diagnosis and treatment of related congenital anomalies.

Varsha gupta

The current COVID-19 is now endemic on everycontinent and becomes the most challenging outbreaks over centuries, thus millions of people have been infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and have contributed to the deaths of more than two millionpeople. Researchers are working continuously to develop safe and effective vaccines that people have started receiving since December 2020. Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are the most important countermeasure to the COVID-19 pandemic taking into considerationthat vaccines induce a robust immune response

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The present review shares an updated data on the botany, distribution, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phaseolus lunatus L. All provided information was obtained through Google Scholar, Pubmed, Sci Finder, Scirus, Web of Science and library search.

Dr. salman ahmed

As it is increasingly being reported from India, we carried out a prospective study of patients with culture-proven melioidosis from south India, examining clinical, laboratory features, epidemiological data, risk factors, treatments, outcomes at three and six months, and factors associated with mortality.Between 2014 and 2018, 31 cases were identified. Diabetes (83.9%) and alcohol abuse (58.1%) were common risk factors. Musculoskeletal, skin and soft tissue manifestations together constituted 48.4% of presentations, while 29% had pneumonia. During the intensive phase, 74.2% received one of three recommended antibiotic regimes, but 51.6% did not receive continuation treatment. Pneumonia and lack of continuation treatment were independently associated with a high mortality of 25.8%. Hot spots for melioidosis exist in India, and there is considerable diversity of presentation, including skin, soft tissue, musculoskeletal and neurological involvement. High rates of bacteraemia are shown.

Aneesh basheer

Anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common blood disorders. The role of vitamin D was agreed to be regulating in calcium and phosphate absorption and bone metabolism and its deficiency is observed as a crucial nutritional problem. Vitamin D is created under the skin by ultraviolet light. It is usually get vitamins from the food; however, in the case of vitamin D, there simply are not enough rich food sources for people to get adequate amounts in their diet. Its effects on the prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and anemia has received much attention recently. To get sufficient vitamin D, need to be exposed to sunshine or use supplements. Vitamin D3 was found in the largest population as a deficiency. With regard to hemoglobin was the subject whom has less normal range of hemoglobin (19.05%) than international normal range, and in ferritin the low population number was the subject whom has less normal range of ferritin than WHO normal range. The population who has low ferritin also has low vitamin D3 and variable hemoglobin. According international guidelines, optimizing nutrition with daily or intermittent (1 to 3 times per week) iron supplementation, should be considered a first-line intervention in high-risk or high-prevalence groups. Although it is probably less effective than daily iron supplementation, intermittent iron appears to be a useful and cost effective way of controlling anemia and iron deficiency anemia. This may indicate that a positive relation between the low concentration parameter of vitamin D3 and ferritin level but no significant correlation with hemoglobin.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Critical race theory (CRT) is an intellectual movement that seeks to understand how white supremacy as a legal, cultural, and political condition is reproduced and maintained, primarily in the US context. While CRT is part of a much longer research tradition investigating race and racism, which includes such key fgures as W. E. B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon, Angela Davis, Audre Lorde, Gloria Anzaldúa, Cherríe Moraga, and many more, CRT distinguishes itself as an approach that originated within legal studies (in part building from and responding to critical legal studies); aims to be a vehicle for social and political change; has been adopted interdisciplinarily across many fields, including perhaps most notably education; and, in certain contexts, has come to be the umbrella term for studies of race and racism generally. CRT originated as an extension and critique of critical legal studies (CLS). It was also an outgrowth of Marxist critical theory that challenged the rationality, impartiality, and purpose of the legal system. According to the tenets of both CRT and CLS, the legal system is a political and ideological institution that, in part, rationalizes and justifies the existence of the state. Te legal system also requires mastery of an arcane and intentionally inaccessible vocabulary and a set of knowledge and power processes that limit ordinary people’s access to it. Te arbiters of law pretend to rely on reason but actually rely on subjective, politically motivated, culturally biased, and quasi-religious rationale for making and enforcing their decisions. CRT maintains the critique of legalistic thinking found in critical legal studies, but then adds a framework for understanding white supremacy as an immutable fact of a neocolonial state, as well as a praxis for changing it. What separates CRT from other forms of racial critique is that, “Unlike most of the earlier genres of race cholarship, critical race scholarship does not treat race as an independent variable; rather, it regards race as a site of struggle” (Orbe & Allen, 2008, p. 209).

Kamal singh

This research was conducted to form students to be more disciplined in maintaining time, especially in prayer, as well as to strengthen aqidah and increase the worship of students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi'iyah. The focus of this research is: 1) How to plan the prayer chapter of fiqh learning through audio-visual media for students of Class IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Ajung, 2) How to implement the prayer chapter of fiqh learning through audio-visual methods for students of Class IV Madrasa Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi 'iyah Ajung, 3) How is the evaluation of fiqh learning in the prayer chapter for fourth grade students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Ajung. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive qualitative research. Determination of research subjects in this study was carried out purposively. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis of the data, the researcher used the data analysis model of the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana models including: Data Condensation (Condensation), Data Presentation (Display), Conclusions Drawing. The validity of the data in this study used source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results showed that: 1) The use of audiovisual media was very relevant in learning fiqh in the prayer chapter 2) Active, innovative, creative, effective and fun learning made students enthusiastic and enthusiastic in learning and not boring. 3) the completeness of learning facilities and infrastructure is very influential in the evaluation stage including summative evaluation and formative evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and output evaluation. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membentuk peserta didik lebih disiplin dalam menjaga waktu khususnya dalam shalat, serta memantapkan aqidah dan meningkatkan ibadah peserta didik Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah. Fokus penelitianini adalah: 1) Bagaimana Perencanaan Pembelajaran fiqih bab sholat melalui media audio visual bagi peserta didik Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Ajung, 2) Bagaimana Pelaksanaan pembelajaran fiqih bab sholat melalui metode audio visual bagi peserta didik Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Ajung, 3) Bagaimana evaluasi pembelajaran fiqih bab sholat bagi peserta didik kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Ajung. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penentuan subyek penelitian dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data, peneliti menggunakan model analisis data model Miles, Huberman, dan Saldana meliputi: Kondensasi Data (Condensation), Penyajian Data (Display), Penarikan Kesimpulan (Conclusions Drawing). Keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa: 1) Penggunaan media audiovisual sangat relevan dalam pembelajaran fiqih bab sholat 2) Pembelajaran aktif, inovatif, kreatif, efektif, dan menyenangkan membuat peserta didik semangat dan antusias dalam belajar serta tidak membosankan. 3) kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran sangat berpengaruh pada tahap evaluasi meliputi evaluasi Sumatif dan evaluasi Formatif evaluasi input, evaluasi proses dan evaluasi output.

Educare: journal of primary education

Legumes are the richest source of protein, starch, minerals, and vitamins and are considered the earliest domestic plants. They belong to the leguminosae family, one of the largest and most important families of flowering plants. The present review describes the history, consumption, nutritional aspects, traditional medicinal uses, pharmacology, and commercial aspects of legumes.

Dr. salman ahmed

This study demonstrates main reasons for choosing The National University of Malaysia (UKM) by international students and their needs and expectations toward the University. The study also shows the obstacles faced by those students and their satisfaction towards UKM. A total of 108 questionnaires were distributed in the main campus to the respondents who came from ten diffident countries. The main reasons for choosing UKM were its high ranking, reasonable tuition fees, faculty, programmes, and lecturers respectively. The results revealed that the main obstacles faced international students were tough visa procedures, improper hostels, social isolation and discrimination, and bureaucracy. Both the facilities and services of UKM and the studying approach have met the expectations satisfaction of international students. Yet, both social relationship and participation in activities and living conditions in UKM hostels have disappointed international students and did not meet their satisfaction. This study suggested that UKM should establish counselling unit and organise regular meetings to listen to the problems and suggestions of those students. Volunteer and pre-enrolment activities should be organised to introduce the Malaysian culture and gather international students with their local peer. Moreover, international students should be provided upon their arrival to UKM by hostels that combine proper conditions of living at a reasonable price.

Mohammed fadel arandas

Several diseases affect maize plants and one among them is black bundle disease, causal organism of which is yet to be confirmed with conflicting reports appearing in literature. In the present work, an effort was made to record the disease incidence by carry out filed surveys in Southern most district of Karnataka state, India and also to isolate and identify the causal organism. The surface sterilized pith tissue from the infected plants was cultured on PDA medium to identify the organism in the affected vascular tissue. The isolated tissue produce Cephalosporium acremonium which was confirmed based on morphological characters. In addition, Simplicillium sp. and Macrophomina phaseolina were also isolated from the same infected plant material and suspected to have participated in the disease development. In accordance with several reports in literature, Cephalosporium acremonium was tested and confirmed as the causal organism of disease in green house experiments by following the Koch’s postulates. This is in contrast with some earlier reports, wherein the exact symptoms of black bundle disease were reported as barren stalks in corn caused by Fusarium sp. The simplicillium sp. which had morphological similarity with C. acremonium and had an ambiguous taxonomic status in literature was confirmed as a distinct species through PCR based diagnosis.

Veerabhadraswamy al

This study outlines the different kinds of information resources available, the current situation of digital preservation, the requests of librarians and users, and offers recommendations, although limited, for future research on storage mediums, transfers, conversions, and general management techniques. Libraries worldwide have had to address a number of concerns related to digital information preservation, including organizational, resource, legal, and technical ones. Despite the fact that libraries have been exploring a variety of preservation techniques, including emulation, migration, and technology preservation, there is still a need for a preservation approach that is both financially realistic and widely accepted. Digital content access is ensured over time through a combination of rules, strategies, and actions known as digital preservation. An information resource is any component of a computer system that is only partially available; an electronic resource is information that can be stored as electrical signals; and a web resource is a data source that is accessible over the World Wide Web. It is important to preserve information of long-term value so that future generations can access it. This is the goal of information source preservation. Formal preservation programs have been launched for conventional resources in document, microform, photographic, and, to a lesser extent, audio-visual formats by numerous large libraries, information centers, and archives in recent decades. The field of digital preservation is still quite experimental and fraught with the dangers of using unproven techniques. The introduction of digital preservation adds to the challenge facing documents and library services in maintaining a legacy of documents in traditional formats.

Dr. awadhesh singh gautam

Objective: Pyrazolopyrimidines are heterocyclic molecules containing nitrogen as the main composition, and hence, they exhibit pharmacological efficacy. They are analogs of purines so that possessing wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. The main objective of this study is to synthesize different derivatives of pyrazole-pyrimidine classes by adopting simple methodology as well as by employing green chemistry. The purpose of the synthesis of these molecules is to study the antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines. Methods: After literature studies, it makes us to involve in the research of synthetic organic chemistry, especially to synthesize new compounds of pyrazolopyrimidines. We are reported solvent-free synthesis of pyrazolo [3,4-d]-pyrimidine-thiones through ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, thiourea, and different benzaldehydes. An ionic liquid 2-methyl-imidazolium-oxalate catalyzed the reactions under ultrasonication bath. Both conventional and ultrasonic methods were employed and comparison studies have been made. It was found that ultrasonic method completed the reaction quicker than the conventional method. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed their structures by 1 HNMR, Fourier transform infrared, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis spectra. The compounds were tested for in vitro anticancer activity against EAC cell lines. Most compounds revealed significant anticancer activity relative to doxorubicin as a positive control with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Results: Ultrasonication method is a simple method under which all the reactions were completed at faster time (<7 min) compared to the convention method. Among eight molecules, 8a and 8d completed the reactions at a faster rate. We reported IC50 values of all the molecules, in which 8e and 8g were exhibited excellent potency against EAC cell lines at different concentrations .

Dr ganesh n yallappa

Numerous initiatives to rely on new renewable energy sources, such solar electricity, have been sparked by the increased interest in global warming. With an increase in home photovoltaic (PV) panels that are available to the public, more precise calculations of energy generation are now possible. Segmenting satellite images offers a straightforward and inexpensive way to categorize solar panels..This work suggests a method for classifying and segmenting solar panels that combines the watershed algorithm with deep learning approaches. First, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture with the ResNet, EfficientNet, and Inception architectures is used for classification. Through the fine-tuning of pre-trained networks on a heterogeneous dataset of solar panels, transfer learning improves performance. The categorization model recognizes solar panels in a variety of settings with accuracy, making maintenance and monitoring easier. After classification, the watershed method uses intensity gradients to precisely delineate solar panels from the background. Tasks like defect detection and layout optimization are made easier when deep learning-based classification and watershed segmentation are combined. The outcomes of the experiments show how well the suggested method performs in terms of segmenting and classifying solar panels under various circumstances. A flexible automated solar panel management solution is provided by the combination of deep learning and the watershed algorithm, which promotes increased sustainability and efficiency in solar energy systems.

Bakka arun kumar

The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is an autonomous body established by the University Grants Commission (UGC) with headquarters in Bangalore to assess and accredit higher education institutions (HEIs) in India. Its objectives are to evaluate and accredit institutions of higher learning, enhance the quality of teaching, learning, and research, and offer financial support for workshops, conferences, and seminars. India is regarded as one of the biggest college and university systems in the entire globe, and fixing today's problems would require competent administration of these kinds of institutions. The purpose of the National Academic Accreditation Council (NAAC) is to ensure that higher education is of a high caliber. This was the driving force behind the NAAC's creation. Indian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are evaluated and accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), an independent organization created by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The socioeconomic and cultural growth of any country is greatly influenced by higher education. With an increase in both the number of educational institutions and learners enrolled in various programs, higher education in India has grown significantly in recent years. This report presents policy recommendations for education systems to help all children succeed in their schooling, focusing on system and school-level policies to promote equity and quality. In order to support all students toward academic success, this study offers suggested solutions for education systems that center on system- and school-level policies that uphold quality and equity. Additionally, since expanding chances helps both the educational system and society at large, it offers proof on how to assist underprivileged kids and schools. It also provides evidence on how to support disadvantaged students and schools, as improving opportunities benefits the education system and societies as a whole.

Dr. awadhesh singh gautam

Melioidosis is an infection that causes high morbidity and mortality. Predisposing risk factors include diabetes mellitus (DM) and immunocompromised state. We report a case of septic shock secondary to bacteremia caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in a patient who is supposed to be previously healthy and subsequently diagnosed with DM and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. He completed 17 days of intravenous antibiotics followed by a 12-week course of oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. We postulate that G6PD deficiency could be a risk factor for melioidosis.

Karishma

Accounting is a fundamental aspect of business operations because it records transactions through which businesses achieve and retain profitability. Recoding transactions is an important aspect of business because the primary goal of businesses is to maximise profitability (Tirole, 2010). Accounting lays the groundwork to manage the income, expenses, assets and cash flow of the firm, all of which are pivotal to the financial health of the business regardless of its size. This report discusses different accounting principles in practice. The first task utilises the double-entry method to record the transactions of the business in ledgers using the double-entry method. This task also includes the formulation of a trial balance using the balance off rule and illustrates to which final account each trial balance entry is attributable. The second task involves the creation of final accounts for different businesses. The legal implications of varying business structures differ, so their financial statements are different. This task also includes a discussion of the properties, purposes, and structures of different financial statements. The third task addresses bank reconciliation. Bank reconciliation resolves any discordance between the records of the business and its bank statement. The gist of the fourth task is the use of control accounts. Control accounts summarise ledger balances to ensure a match between those accounts and the accounts in the ledger of each account.

Zamzam abdelazim

Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) is a rare inflammatory disorder. It is the severest form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and complications occur most commonly in this type. Non-responsiveness to standard therapy with corticosteroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs is not uncommon. Interleukin-1 beta (Il-1β) has been shown to be a main contributor to the pathogenesis of SoJIA. Anakinra, a recombinant Il-1β receptor antagonist, was shown to be effective in small cohorts of therapy-resistant adult and pediatric still's patients. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world efficacy, steroid-sparing effect, and safety profile of anakinra in patients with SoJIA at a tertiary care center in Libya. A retrospective case series was conducted on patients with SoJIA treated with anakinra at the Tripoli Children's Hospital between 2010 and 2017. Data on demographic characteristics, disease activity, corticosteroid dosage, concomitant medications, and adverse events were collected at baseline and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-treatment. 13 patients were treated with anakinra with a mean age of 9.4±4.6 years at anakinra initiation and a female-to-male ratio of 2: 1. All patients were on corticosteroids and 92.3% on methotrexate at treatment initiation. The proportion of patients achieving inactive disease (Jadas 10=0) increased over time. A marked steroid-sparing effect was observed: the number of patients requiring high-dose steroids (>0.5 mg/kg/day) decreased from 100% at baseline to 7.6% at 12 months, and 53.8% successfully discontinued corticosteroids entirely. All patients experienced injection site reaction, and macrophage activation syndrome occurred in 15.4% as a side effect after treatment initiation. But no severe infections or fatalities occurred. Reasons for discontinuation included remission (46.1%), drug unavailability (23.0%), inefficacy (15.3%), and side effects (15.3%). Anakinra demonstrated significant efficacy in inducing rapid disease control and reducing corticosteroid dependence in patients with refractory SoJIA, with a manageable safety profile

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences