Avian leukosis virus is recognized as an important viral pathogen in the poultry industry, resulting in salient severe economic losses due to reduced production, uneven flock growth rates, reduced growth, and immunosuppression which predispose affected birds to other infections. This study examined the seroprevalence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) in local chickens (LC) in 5 different live bird markets (LBMs) in Kaduna Metropolis. A total of 276 sera were tested for ALV p27 antigen using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An overall seroprevalence of 28.3% (78/276) was recorded in the study. At the market level, the seroprevalence of 35% (21/60), 30% (18/60), 32% (16/50), 28.6% (16/56), and 14% (7/50) were recorded for Sabon Tasha, Central market, Railway station, Kawo and Sokoto Road LBMs respectively. With regards to sex, female LC showed a significantly higher prevalence of 30.5% (46/105) compared to male chickens 26.9% (46/171) with no significant difference (P > 0.05) observed. This study established the presence of antigen to ALV in local chickens sold in LBMs. We recommend surveillance and further studies on the isolation, molecular characterization and pathogenicity of ALV in the study area.

Bitrus inuwa

Medical research is defined as "all scholarly activities that deal with any of the areas of studies being conducted in the pre, para, and clinical areas being taught in a medical school". Such a definition is somewhat arbitrary, as medical research covers a much larger field and ultimately affects every individual. The results of research activities are directly translated into social action, such as pollution control, vaccinations, mass fluoridation and nutritional improvements. The eradication of diseases like smallpox, poliomyelitis and plague, the decline in the death rate from infectious and cardiovascular diseases, and the diagnosis of genetic disorders are some examples of how medical research helps to provide improved health care. Thus, the wealth of medical knowledge that grows through the process of discovery and research development becomes part of daily living. The aim of scientific research is always to extend the frontiers of knowledge and to discover rational correlations and principles [1, 2]. Medical research can be divided into biomedical (basic medical), clinical, and health science research. The areas overlap each other and health science research has a component of social research. Experimental research covers areas such as physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology and pathology and is relatively easy to conduct. If adequate financial support is obtained, the necessary infrastructure for laboratory research could be built and experimental animals maintained in an animal house. For clinical research, the patients with a particular disease are the direct object of study. This type of research involves dealing with the clinical picture, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of the disease. Dealing with human beings requires stringent regulations and precautions to be observed. It requires setting up a research team in the hospital to monitor and chart out guidelines involving the ethical dimension of the problem to be studied and maintain a systematic medical recording system. Moreover, it is through a prolonged study of a large number of cases of the same disease that clinical research learns to predict the likely prognosis and judge the efficacy of the treatment. This type of research activity has limitations in the form of having a restricted number of cases of the disease under investigation, a need to update one's knowledge concerning laboratory techniques from which he obtains his 'cues', and the longer time interval required to complete the work. Health science research is a recent development of medical research due to the demands placed on many health services. More often basic medical and clinical research go hand in hand and are inseparable. Furthermore, clinical research workers often conduct studies on experimental animals, due to either the limited number of human cases or for ethical considerations.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased globally making it a major public health concern. Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder that causes an imbalance in the electrolytes which regulate essential metabolic mechanisms of the body. This study aimed to estimate the electrolyte levels in Libyan patients with type II diabetes mellitus and to investigate their relations to glycemic control and body mass index. A total of 122 Libyan subjects whose ages ranged between 35 years and 60 years for both sexes were included in this study, 77 patients were type II diabetic patients (37 males and 40 females) and 45 subjects were healthy individuals (23 males and 22 females) live in Tripoli area, Libya. The levels of blood glucose, HbA1c, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium and calcium were estimated in this study along with the measurement of body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. All the findings were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Significant increases in glucose, HbA1c, potassium, chloride, calcium, blood pressure and BMI among diabetic patients were observed as compared to the healthy individuals. On the other hand, significant decreases in sodium and magnesium levels among the diabetic patients were observed as compared to the control group. In addition, significant alterations in all the biochemical parameters in uncontrolled diabetic patients as compared to the controlled diabetic patients, and in unhealthy weight diabetic patients as compared to the healthy weight patients. It is concluded that diabetes mellitus results in an imbalance of electrolytes. Poor glycemic control and obesity have adverse effects on electrolyte balance among diabetic Libyan patients. Good glycemic control, maintaining a healthy weight and regular evaluation of electrolytes among diabetics can reduce the fatalities associated with electrolyte rearrangements.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Different derivatives of Cinnamaldehydes were prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation (by using Strong basic reagent). The prepared Cinnamaldehydes were treated with Hydrazine hydrate in presence of ZnO Nano-catalyst under microwave assisted solvent-free conditions to afford different substituted Pyrazoles. Green chemistry was employed. Comparisons of both microwave & conventional methods were studied & found that the first was more potent than the later. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR & elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro test against EAC cell lines. Most compounds exhibited good inhibitor potency with IC50 values.

Dr ganesh n yallappa

Introduction: Mental health disparities are deeply entrenched within the fabric of societal inequalities, shaped by structural factors that perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage. Addressing these disparities is crucial for promoting social justice and improving public health outcomes. Aim: This paper aims to synthesize high-quality evidence to elucidate the causal relationships between social determinants and mental health outcomes. It prioritizes pervasive social determinants that influence major mental disorders across the life course and outlines preventive strategies to mitigate these effects. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on publications from the Global North from 2014 to 2024, to explore the influence of social determinants on mental health. Keywords such as "social determinants," "mental health outcomes," "preventive strategies," and "vulnerable populations" guided the search across databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: The review highlights significant associations between mental health and social determinants such as socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic marginalization, and exposure to adverse environments. It underscores the heightened vulnerability of marginalized groups, including refugees, LGBTQ+ individuals, and those living in poverty. The paper introduces a preventive framework to guide primary prevention efforts and reviews both primary and secondary strategies to improve mental health equity. Conclusion: Strategic interventions aimed at the root social causes of mental health disparities can substantially enhance public mental health. This paper provides seven strategic recommendations focused on social justice, offering a roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals to address these pressing issues.

Prof.k.c yadav

Women are multi taskers in their lives- mother, wife, daughter, sister and a lot more. And hence are exposed to a lot of emotions. A working woman is exposed to many other more roles- boss, subordinates. A working woman has to develop skills of self awareness, self management, be motivated, feelings of optimism, positivity and internality, empathy and social skills (collectively called as emotional intelligence) to perform her multiple roles, both at home and at, work place efficiently so as to meet the expectations of both the family members and their organization. Current study focuses on investigating the influence of demographic factors on the level of emotional intelligence among the respondents in Coimbatore city. These factors tested against being determined by their age, job profile, marital status.

Nandini

Financial literacy education is a lifelong asset that every individual needs to function and fit well in modern-day society. It provides the financially savvy better decision making, best investment alternatives and family wellbeing. Unfortunately, most consumers especially in this part of our world appear relatively less active and less confident in participating meaningfully in the financial sector due to a lack of knowledge about the complex nature of financial products and services and indeed the risk that goes with them. As a contribution in addressing this problem, this study looked at financial literacy education and its implication on the economic and social life of the teacher in the Upper East Region of Ghana. With a descriptive survey design, 118 participants responded to questionnaires. Results showed low levels of financial literacy among participants which can negatively affect their daily financial management. It is therefore definite that the financially literate has the advantage to undertake prudent alternative investment decisions and is able to make informed retirement planning. Being financially illiterate adversely affects one’s life in relation to the culture of savings, expenditure pattern, investment decisions and budgeting skills, making the individual economically insecure. The study has policy frontier implications; policymakers in the financial sector, governments, non-governmental organisations and equity owners are encouraged to come to the aid of consumers, especially teachers, by way of introducing professional teacher development programmes specifically tailored at uplifting their financial literacy knowledge and skills.

Juabin matey

Gender discrimination in the athletics industry has long been a controversial topic- even the founder of the modern Olympics, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, said in 1896, “No matter how toughened a sportswoman may be, her organism is not cut out to sustain certain shocks.” Since then, gender equality in sports has come a long way, including UNESCO recognizing sports and physical activity as a human right in 1978. Despite the obstacles women face in athletics, many women have led and are leading the way to gender equity. This paper profiles women athletes and administrators who have paved the way, and offers "Strategies for Change" that women and girl athletes, coaches, administrators, and parents can take to make school and college athletics more equitable. Participation in sports benefits women just as it does men, helping to develop leadership skills, boosting self-esteem and grades, and promoting physical fitness and health. Women and girls who participate in sports and fitness programs are healthier and more academically successful. Unsurprisingly, sports, which house the careers of the most passionate and the aspiring, are also a major concern when it comes to the issue of gender discrimination. Male dominance in sports has become a nightmare for female athletes, who in the hope of pursuing their careers in the field of sports, have been deprived of self-esteem among a plethora of gender discrimination instances. This in turn can lead to increased violence against women by these male athletes. We need to create a climate in which sports and fitness are for everyone, not just a few, and in which everyone's abilities are tested and respected.

Yatendra sharma

Purpose: To study the outcome of therapeutic keratoplasty in severe microbial keratitis cases otherwise advised evisceration. Methods: A retrospective, single-center clinical audit included 28 patients with severe microbial keratitis presenting from April 2014 to April 2016. Patients with microbial keratitis either affecting more than 2 quadrants of the limbus and/or cases with infections involving more than 180 mm2 of the cornea who were advised evisceration by more than one ophthalmologist were included. Cases with endophthalmitis were excluded. At 3 months, the outcome was “success” if resolution of infection occurred without recurrence and evisceration was not required. Success was termed “complete” if best vision was 6/24 or better and “partial” other- wise. The outcome was termed a “failure” if infection recurred in the graft or the eye was eviscerated. Results: Mean age of the patients (male:female, 17:11) was 49.5 years, and the mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 28.6 days. Evisceration was required in 2/28 cases. The outcome was “success” in 22/28 cases (78.6%)—complete (10/22); partial (12/22) —and “failure” in 6/28 cases. The outcome was poorer in general in fungal keratitis (n = 16) than bacterial keratitis (n = 7). Conclusions: Primary evisceration is best avoided in infections limited to the anterior segment. Even in hopeless cases, every eye deserves a fair chance.

Dr. ashwani kumar ghai

Alternative Learning System (ALS) has been adopted in Philippine basic education, yet there is no academic institution in the region prepares ALS teachers in teaching life skills. ALS teachers graduated from different programs of teacher education for formal education. In response, an extension project was conceptualized and implemented to enhance the teaching capacity and effectiveness of ALS teachers. Case study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the project. It explored the transfer of life skills among ALS teachers. Data were collected from multiple sources. Interview and written responses, and feedback were analyzed using thematic narrative analysis. Other data were analyzed using document and descriptive analyses. The project had achieved its objectives and rated best by participants. These indicate that the project was implemented effectively and successfully. ALS teachers have acquired life skills and transferred them to others. Thus, the project has made a difference in the lives of these teachers.

Manuel caingcoy

The CuS@reduced graphene oxide (CuS/RGO) hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized by facile hydrothermal method and used as a photoelectrode material in photovoltaic applications. In the hydrothermal route, RGO is formed by the reduction of GO with simultaneous formation of CuS/RGO nanocomposites. The CuS/RGO nanocomposites was investigated using powder XRD, TEM, HR-TEM, Raman, XPS, DRS UV–Vis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD and TEM results suggest that CuS crystalline with individual spherical like homogeneous nanoparticles sizes in the range of 45–35 nm, which is distributed throughout the RGO sheets. We further construct the flexible photoelectrodes by using CuS and RGO and studied the photovoltaic performance. Photovoltaic parameters, such as short-circuit photocurrent density, open circuit voltage, fill factor and conversion efficiency were found to be 16 mA/cm2 , 0.71 V, 70.1% and 7.81% respectively, for CuS/RGO photoelectrode. The improved photo conversion efficiency of CuS/RGO is due to enhancing the electronic injection ability and reducing the photogenerated charge recombination. These photovoltaic results indicate a simple methodology for the low cost and effortless synthesis of an alternative CuS/RGO photoelectrode in high performance photovoltaic devices.

Dr.k.k.saravanan

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is caused by an external physical force which may result in altered level of consciousness with or without impairment of cognitive and physical functions in individuals. It is neither congenital nor degenerative in nature. The impairments can be permanent with partial or total functional disabilities or psychosocial maladjustment. The Intensive rehabilitation with multiple health disciplinary teams can improve a certain extent of physical and cognitive aspects of brain injury patients. Case Report: In this case report we are presenting a 19 year old boy diagnosed as diffuse axonal injury with Glasgow coma scale (GCS ) Score of 4/15 (E1M2V1) at the time of incident has come to our department after 8 months with no head control, no cognitive and no voluntary attempts to do functional activity. The main objective of management is to improve mobility, communication, perception and cognitive functions with minimum period of time by working as a health team. Conclusion: After 14 months post incident with intense rehabilitation of six months his GCS score is improved with scoring of 13/15 (E4M6V3). The improvement seen may be partly attributed to the coordinated work of the team members who meet in the case conference every two weeks to review & revise the treatment protocol. Such that common and individual goals are shared and total therapy time is managed, to incorporate all goals by team members

Nagarjuna narayanasetti

Avian influenza has impacted negatively on poultry production in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the status of avian influenza virus (AIV) antibodies in wild birds to provide early warning of an outbreak. One hundred and forty-six sera from five different species of wild birds were tested for antibodies to avian influenza A viruses (H5 and H9) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. An overall seroprevalence of 3.4% (5/146) was recorded in the study area. Seroprevalence of 6.67% (2/30) was recorded in speckled pigeons (Columba guinea) and Village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus) respectively and 3.33% (1/30) in Cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis). No antibodies were detected in laughing doves (Spilolepia senegalensis) and African silver bill (Euodice cantans). The serological detection of AIV subtypes H5 and H9 by HI showed the exposure of these birds to the two subtypes. The result from this study indicates evidence of the presence of H5 and H9 AI viruses in wild birds in Zaria, Kaduna State. Therefore, comprehensive surveillance of influenza A involving wild birds’ population and H5 as well as H9 subtype is recommended. This is necessary in order to know the actual status of these strains in the poultry population in Nigeria in view of their zoonotic and economic importance.

Bitrus inuwa

Anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common blood disorders. The role of vitamin D was agreed to be regulating in calcium and phosphate absorption and bone metabolism and its deficiency is observed as a crucial nutritional problem. Vitamin D is created under the skin by ultraviolet light. It is usually get vitamins from the food; however, in the case of vitamin D, there simply are not enough rich food sources for people to get adequate amounts in their diet. Its effects on the prevention of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and anemia has received much attention recently. To get sufficient vitamin D, need to be exposed to sunshine or use supplements. Vitamin D3 was found in the largest population as a deficiency. With regard to hemoglobin was the subject whom has less normal range of hemoglobin (19.05%) than international normal range, and in ferritin the low population number was the subject whom has less normal range of ferritin than WHO normal range. The population who has low ferritin also has low vitamin D3 and variable hemoglobin. According international guidelines, optimizing nutrition with daily or intermittent (1 to 3 times per week) iron supplementation, should be considered a first-line intervention in high-risk or high-prevalence groups. Although it is probably less effective than daily iron supplementation, intermittent iron appears to be a useful and cost effective way of controlling anemia and iron deficiency anemia. This may indicate that a positive relation between the low concentration parameter of vitamin D3 and ferritin level but no significant correlation with hemoglobin.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

The objective of the paper is to predict corporate bankruptcy of selected telecom service sector companies. The study ranges for a period of ten years from 2006-2007 to 2015-2016 for three selected telecom service sector. By applying Altman's Z-score model the study analyze the financial position of the companies and suggests the financial components to be concentrated to improve the financial health. Further the study suggests that the companies should regularly estimate Z-score for making strategies to improve their financial position.

Dr. jeyalakshmi p

Ethanol extracts of leaves, male flowers and fruit peel of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem., were evaluated for analgesic effect using the analgesy meter test, a mechanically induced pain model. Extracts at 500 mg/kg, p.o., were tested and compared with diclofenac sodium 50mg/kg as a standard analgesic drug. The mechanical force was applied to the rat's paw and continuously increased. The point at which the rat can’t bear further pressure and starts to struggle to free the paw was taken as a nociceptive response. Readings were taken before and after 1, 2 and 3hr following drug administration. The analgesic response was continuously increasing till 3hrs. Tested extracts produced significant and comparable analgesic effects as with diclofenac sodium.

Dr. salman ahmed

Freeze desalination (FD) is a method in which saline water is cooled below its freezing point and freshwater is separated from the brine in the form of ice crystals. FD is relatively insensitive to the salinity of the feed solution, making it suitable for desalination of high concentration brines such as the brine rejected from the seawater desalination plants. The design of the FD system and the thermochemical behavior of the brine upon freezing are critical factors in the energy performance of this method. To date, thermochemical properties of the concentrated seawater during cooling, such as the threshold of formation of ice and salt-hydrates and their corresponding cooling load of formation, are not well known. Likewise, the optimal configuration of the FD system to achieve the maximum energy efficiency has not been investigated. This work provides comprehensive data about the cooling load of freezing of concentrated brine rejected from seawater desalination plants along with the threshold of formation of ice and salt-hydrates backed-up by validation. Furthermore, the optimal configuration of the FD system is identified and the effects of the compressor isentropic efficiency and effectiveness of the system’s heat exchangers on the work consumption of the FD system were investigated.

Aly elhefny

Cloud computing is used to achieve sustainability in terms of computing. It reduces energy and resource consumption. Most of the companies have been moving their applications to the cloud to reduce power, energy re-source, and carbon emission. Today's computing landscape is rapidly shifting toward creating applications to leverage Cloud platforms to have necessary features such as elasticity, virtualization, low cost, and pay-per-use. Cloud computing's rising demand and versatility are achieving acceptance in the research community as a means of implementing large-scale electronic systems in the format of workflows (set of tasks). One of the most important objectives of this effort is to trim down makespan which is the total period taken by the resources to complete all workflow activities. Another foremost objective of this work is to satiate all the user-delineated time constraints while scheduling workflow activities.

Mohd haroon

There are more and more multinational enterprises growing in Indonesia that makes foreign employees are increasing every year. Thus, it is important for local workers to understand the leadership style of expatriates from the companies’ leaders and managers. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction conducted at PT Musim Mas, Medan. This research uses quantitative method with simple random sampling of 36 employees working in the company. The test results show that transformational leadership style has a positive significant effect on job satisfaction at PT Musim Mas, Medan as much as 69.5%.

L

The past few decades have witnessed several attempts to establish renowned medical journals in the Republic of Yemen. Some of these initiatives were successful but fell short of the researchers’ expectations, because they failed to meet international standards of scholarly writing in the medical field. Recently, the civil war has dashed any hopes of launching such a journal from within the country. We believe that this is the right time to establish a new peer-reviewed medical journal of high standards which meet the expectations of all Yemeni researchers across the board, from both within and outside the country. As a result of enormous efforts, discussions, and extensive collaboration, we have now been able to finalize the structure and content of the Yemen Journal of Medicine (YJM). Files

Karishma